Fecal microbiota transplantation from postmenopausal osteoporosis human donors accelerated bone mass loss in mice.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of gut microbiota from postmenopausal osteoporosis patients on bone mass in mice.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected from postmenopausal women with normal bone mass (Con, n=5) and postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (Op, n=5). Microbial composition was identified by shallow shotgun sequencing.

Achieving Immune Activation by Suppressing the IDO1 Checkpoint with Sono-Targeted Biobromination for Antitumor Combination Immunotherapy.

Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) pathogenically suppresses immune cell infiltration and promotes tumor cell immune escape by overmetabolizing tryptophan to -formyl kynurenine in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, it remains challenging for IDO1 immune checkpoint inhibitors to achieve a significant potency of progression-free survival. Here, we developed a breakthrough in IDO1 inhibition by sono-targeted biobromination reaction using immunostimulating hypobromic--phenylperoxydibenzoic acid-linked metallic organic framework nanomedicine (H-MOF NM) to remodel the TME from debrominated hypoxia into hypobromated normoxia and activate the IDO1 immune pathway with and remarkable antitumor efficacy.

The Characteristics of Gut Microbiota and Its Relation with Diet in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

The gut microbiome is linked to osteoporosis. Previous clinical studies showed inconsistent results. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota feature and reveal its relation with diet in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Hydrogen Therapy Reverses Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Phenotypes and Remodels Stromal Microenvironment to Stimulate Systematic Anti-Tumor Immunity.

Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the tumor progression. Among TME components, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) show multiple tumor-promoting effects and can induce tumor immune evasion and drug-resistance. Regulating CAFs can be a potential strategy to augment systemic anti-tumor immunity.

Nerve Growth Factor-Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome-Functionalized 3D-Printed Hierarchical Porous Scaffolds with Neuro-Promotive Properties for Enhancing Innervated Bone Regeneration.

The essential role of the neural network in enhancing bone regeneration has often been overlooked in biomaterial design, leading to delayed or compromised bone healing. Engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes are becoming increasingly recognized as potent cell-free agents for manipulating cellular behavior and improving therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, MSCs are stimulated with nerve growth factor (NGF) to regulate exosomal cargoes to improve neuro-promotive potential and facilitate innervated bone regeneration.

An osteosarcoma-on-a-chip model for studying osteosarcoma matrix-cell interactions and drug responses.

Marrow niches in osteosarcoma (OS) are a specialized microenvironment that is essential for the maintenance and regulation of OS cells. However, existing animal xenograft models are plagued by variability, complexity, and high cost. Herein, we used a decellularized osteosarcoma extracellular matrix (dOsEM) loaded with extracellular vesicles from human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSC-EVs) and OS cells as a bioink to construct a micro-osteosarcoma (micro-OS) through 3D printing.

3D-printed biodegradable magnesium alloy scaffolds with zoledronic acid-loaded ceramic composite coating promote osteoporotic bone defect repair.

Osteoporotic fracture is one of the most serious complications of osteoporosis. Most fracture sites have bone defects, and restoring the balance between local osteogenesis and bone destruction is difficult during the repair of osteoporotic bone defects. In this study, we successfully fabricated three-dimensional (3D)-printed biodegradable magnesium alloy (Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr) scaffolds and prepared a zoledronic acid-loaded ceramic composite coating on the surface of the scaffolds.

3D-printed vascularized biofunctional scaffold for bone regeneration.

3D-printed biofunctional scaffolds have promising applications in bone tissue regeneration. However, the development of bioinks with rapid internal vascularization capabilities and relatively sustained osteoinductive bioactivity is the primary technical challenge. In this work, we added rat platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to a methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)/methacrylated alginate (AlgMA) system, which was further modified by a nanoclay, laponite (Lap).

The first 3D-bioprinted personalized active bone to repair bone defects: A case report.

The repair and reconstruction of bone defects are still major problems to be solved in the field of orthopedics. Meanwhile, 3D-bioprinted active bone implants may provide a new and effective solution. In this case, we used bioink prepared from the patient's autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β-TCP) composite scaffold material to print personalized PCL/β-TCP/PRP active scaffolds layer by layer through 3D bioprinting technology.

Mechanosensitive miR-99b mediates the regulatory effect of matrix stiffness on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate both and .

Mechanical signals from extracellular matrix stiffness are important cues that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, the incorporation of BMSCs into soft hydrogels and the dominance of soft matrices for BMSC growth and differentiation limit the directed differentiation of BMSCs incorporated into hydrogels for tissue engineering, especially osteogenesis. Here, we found that the expression of miR-99b increased with increasing hydrogel stiffness and that miR-99b regulated the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs seeded on the surface of substrates with different stiffnesses.

Functionalized TiCu/TiCuN coating promotes osteoporotic fracture healing by upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Osteoporosis results in decreased bone mass and insufficient osteogenic function. Existing titanium alloy implants have insufficient osteoinductivity and delayed/incomplete fracture union can occur when used to treat osteoporotic fractures. Copper ions have good osteogenic activity, but their dose-dependent cytotoxicity limits their clinical use for bone implants.

Niobium promotes fracture healing in rats by regulating the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway: An and study.

Background: Stable fixation is crucial in fracture treatment. Currently, optimal fracture fixation devices with osteoinductivity, mechanical compatibility, and corrosion resistance are urgently needed for clinical practice. Niobium (Nb), whose mechanical properties are similar to those of bone tissue, has excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, so it has the potential to be the most appropriate fixation material for internal fracture treatment.

Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Promotes Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss via Activating ROS-Dependent NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), an important gut microbiota (GM)-derived metabolite, has been shown to be abnormally increased in osteoporosis. However, the role and underlying mechanism of TMAO in regulating bone loss during osteoporosis have not been fully investigated. In the current study, we found that 100-400 μM TMAO dose-dependently enhanced TRAP-positive osteoclasts, F-actin ring formation, and resorption area on bovine bone slices and up-regulated osteoclast-related gene expression (Calcr, Traf6, Dcstamp, Acp5, C-Fos, and NFATc1).

Femtosecond laser treatment promotes the surface bioactivity and bone ingrowth of TiAlV bone scaffolds.

In this study, a femtosecond laser with a wavelength of 800 nm was used to modify the surface of a titanium alloy bone scaffold created selective laser melting (SLM). The outcomes demonstrated that the surface morphology of the bone scaffold after femtosecond laser treatment was micro-nano morphology. The hydrophobic structure of the scaffold was changed into a super-hydrophilic structure, improving the surface roughness, which was highly helpful for osteoblast adhesion and differentiation.

Integrating model explanations and hybrid priors into deep stacked networks for the "safe zone" prediction of acetabular cup.

Background: Existing state-of-the-art "safe zone" prediction methods are statistics-based methods, image-matching techniques, and machine learning methods. Yet, those methods bring a tension between accuracy and interpretability.

Purpose: To explore the model explanations and estimator consensus for "safe zone" prediction.

Application of 3D printing individualized guide plates in percutaneous needle biopsy of acetabular tumors.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of applying the individualized guide plate which is based on digital image processing and 3D printing technology to percutaneous needle biopsy of periacetabular tumor. From July 2017 to August 2019, 11 patients (5 males and 6 females, aged 13-70 years, mean 42.3 years) with acetabular tumors diagnosed by needle biopsy in our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study.

Comprehensive Analysis of Regulatory Networks of m6A Regulators and Reveals Prognosis Biomarkers in Sarcoma.

Sarcomas are rare malignant tumors that may arise from anywhere of the body, such as bone, adipose, muscle and vascular. However, the conventional pathogenesis of sarcomas has not been found. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic strategies and improve prognosis effects for sarcomas.

A novel revision system for complex pelvic defects utilizing 3D-printed custom prosthesis.

Background: Thus far, the hip revision surgery has been widely used and promoted, and the technology has been constantly innovated, such as tissue engineering, 3D printing prosthesis, etc. However, traditional standardized prosthesis, allograft, autograft, bone cement and reinforcing ring are still the main treatment methods in the mainstream pelvic defects classification systems for hip revision. In addition, the mainstream classification systems are still mainly focus on the peri-acetabulum, but less on the large-scale complex pelvic defects that widely affecting the regions far away from the acetabulum, which also have a significant impact on the holistic biomechanical properties of pelvis.

Additively manufactured biodegradable porous magnesium implants for elimination of implant-related infections: An and study.

Magnesium (Mg) alloys that have both antibacterial and osteogenic properties are suitable candidates for orthopedic implants. However, the fabrication of ideal Mg implants suitable for bone repair remains challenging because it requires implants with interconnected pore structures and personalized geometric shapes. In this study, we fabricated a porous 3D-printed Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr (denoted as JDBM) implant with suitable mechanical properties using selective laser melting technology.

Ultrathin 2D Inorganic Ancient Pigment Decorated 3D-Printing Scaffold Enables Photonic Hyperthermia of Osteosarcoma in NIR-II Biowindow and Concurrently Augments Bone Regeneration.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the primary malignant bone tumor. Despite therapeutic strategies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have been introduced into the war of fighting OS, the 5-year survival rate for patients still remains unchangeable for decades. Besides, the critical bone defects after surgery, drug-resistance and side effects also attenuate the therapeutic effects and predict poor prognosis.

Integrated Analysis of the Transcriptome Profile Reveals the Potential Roles Played by Long Noncoding RNAs in Immunotherapy for Sarcoma.

Background: Long-term survival is still low for high-risk patients with soft tissue sarcoma treated with standard management options, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is a promising new potential treatment paradigm. However, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of patients with sarcoma did not yield promising results in a clinical trial.

Three-dimensional printing-based personalized limb salvage and reconstruction treatment of pelvic tumors.

Background And Objectives: The treatment of pelvic tumors is widely recognized to be challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of personalized three-dimensional (3D) printing-based limb salvage and reconstruction treatment for pelvic tumors.

Methods: Twenty-eight pelvic tumor patients were enrolled.

A low-temperature-printed hierarchical porous sponge-like scaffold that promotes cell-material interaction and modulates paracrine activity of MSCs for vascularized bone regeneration.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete paracrine trophic factors that are beneficial for tissue regeneration. In this study, a sponge-like scaffold with hierarchical and interconnected pores was developed using low-temperature deposition modeling (LDM) printing. Its effects on the cellular behavior, especially on the paracrine secretion patterns of MSCs, were comprehensively investigated.