Survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of malaria prevention and control among Chinese expatriates in South Sudan.

Background: Malaria is a major health risk faced by Chinese expatriates working in South Sudan. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Chinese expatriates in South Sudan towards malaria prevention and control, analyze the influencing factors, and provide a basis for reducing the morbidity and mortality of malaria.

Methods: By distributing questionnaires, data on socio-demographic characteristics of Chinese expatriates in South Sudan, and information on their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards malaria prevention and control were collected from April 5th to 12th, 2023.

Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed -alkylation/alkenylation of anilides.

A highly practical and efficient Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed C-H alkylation/alkenylation reaction of anilides with maleimides and acrylates was developed, during which a weakly coordinating amide carbonyl group functioned as the directing group. This approach features high efficiency, good functional group tolerance, and broad substrate scope, and a variety of 3-substituted succinimides and -alkenylated anilides were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields. Furthermore, the reaction is highly selective, affording mono--alkylated/alkenylated products only.

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes the dermal papilla cell proliferation and migration through the induction of VEGFA.

Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are crucial for the growth and development of hair follicles (HF). (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the primary catechin identified in green tea, which has antioxidant effects and regulates cell activity. This study demonstrates that EGCG could promote the proliferation of DPCs.

The Effects of Aldosterone on Hypertension-Associated Kidney Injury in a Tg-hAS Mouse Model.

Hypertension remains a global health challenge due to its high prevalence and association with premature morbidity and mortality. Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone, and its receptor, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), are highly implicated in hypertension pathogenesis. Aldosterone synthase is the sole enzyme responsible for producing aldosterone in humans.

Decorin-mediated dermal papilla cell-derived exosomes regulate hair follicle growth and development through miR-129-2-3p/SMAD3/TGF-β axis.

Decorin (DCN) is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family within the extracellular matrix, playing a role in the growth and development of hair follicle (HF). Exosomes serve as significant mediators of intercellular communication and are involved in the cyclic regeneration of HF. Exosomes derived from dermal papilla cells (DPC-Exos) are essential for the cycling and regrowth of HF.

Integration Analysis of Transcriptome Sequencing and Whole-Genome Resequencing Reveal Wool Quality-Associated Key Genes in Zhexi Angora Rabbits.

Wool quality is a crucial economic trait in Angora rabbits, closely linked to hair follicle (HF) growth and development. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of key genes regulating HF growth and wool fiber formation is essential. In the study, fine- and coarse-wool groups were identified based on HF morphological characteristics of Zhexi Angora rabbits.

Synthesis of 2-Phosphonylated C3 Spirocyclic Indolines via a Dearomatization-Spirocyclization-Nucleophilic Addition Tandem Approach of Indolyl-ynones with Phosphine Oxides.

Due to its unique three-dimensional (3D) configuration and great application potential in medicinal chemistry and synthetic community, chemists have been pursuing concise and efficient methods to synthesize C3 spirocyclic indoline derivatives. In this work, a dearomatization-spirocyclization-nucleophilic addition tandem approach was developed to realize the synthesis of 2-phosphonylated C3 spirocyclic indolines with indolyl-ynones and phosphine oxides as reactants; mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and good yields are characteristics of this transformation.

Palladium-catalyzed annulation and intermolecular hydroamination involving norbornene derivatives: synthesis of indanones and -alkylamines.

A palladium-catalyzed divergent reaction of primary benzamides using norbornene (NBE) derivatives as a controlled switch is reported. When NBE is used as a mediator, indanones are synthesized with moderate to good yields a Catellani reaction that involves sequential -C-H alkylation and -C-N bond cleavage annulation of primary benzamides. Employing norbornadiene (NBD) instead of NBE enables the assembly of -alkylamines by an intermolecular hydroamination reaction.

Lead Acetate Exposure and Cerebral Amyloid Accumulation: Mechanistic Evaluations in APP/PS1 Mice.

Background: The role of environmental factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis remains elusive. Mounting evidence suggests that acute and past exposure to the environmental toxicant lead (Pb) is associated with longitudinal decline in cognitive function, brain atrophy, and greater brain -amyloid () deposition. However, the nature of Pb-induced amyloid deposition and how it contributes to AD development remain unclear.

Mn-Catalyzed Electrooxidative Radical Cascade Cyclization for the Synthesis of 6-Phosphorylated Quinoxalino[2,1-]quinazolin-12-ones.

Due to their important potential medicinal value, chemists are pursuing mild and efficient methods to synthesize structurally diverse quinazolinone derivatives. In this paper, a series of isocyano-tethered -aryl quinazolinones were designed and synthesized to conduct electrocatalytic radical cascade cyclization reactions with phosphine oxides by utilizing inexpensive Mn salt as the catalyst. The desired 6-phosphorylated quinoxalino[2,1-]quinazolin-12-ones were obtained in moderate to good yields.

Pupylation-Based Proximity-Tagging of FERONIA-Interacting Proteins in Arabidopsis.

The plasma membrane-localized receptor kinase FERONIA (FER) plays critical roles in a remarkable variety of biological processes throughout the life cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana. Revealing the molecular connections of FER that underlie these processes starts with identifying the proteins that interact with FER. We applied pupylation-based interaction tagging (PUP-IT) to survey cellular proteins in proximity to FER, encompassing weak and transient interactions that can be difficult to capture for membrane proteins.

Boosting agricultural green development: Does socialized service matter?

Agricultural socialized service is gradually emerging as a new stimulus for enhancing the agricultural production environment. However, their precise impact on improving the agricultural ecological environment and promoting the green development of agriculture remains incompletely understood. Therefore, leveraging panel data spanning from 2003 to 2020 across 31 provinces in China, this study utilizes the bidirectional fixed effect model, moderating effect model, and spatial Durbin model to systematically assess the influence of agricultural socialized services on agricultural green development and its spatial ramifications.

Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Norbornene-Mediated Selective -C-H Silylation for the Synthesis of Arylsilanes from Primary Benzamides.

A palladium(II)-catalyzed norbornene-mediated remote selective -C-H silylation of primary benzamides was developed for the synthesis of arylsilanes. Such a conversion provides access to a range of arylsilanes with exclusive selectivity using norbornene (NBE) as the -C-H activator. The amide directing group can be detached simultaneously through C-C bond cleavage or undergo a dehydration reaction pathway to form nitriles.

Enhancing Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposites with Carboxy-Functionalized Graphene: An In-Depth Analysis of Mechanical, Barrier, Electrical, Antibacterial, and Chemical Properties.

To enhance the various properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), varying concentrations of carboxy-functionalized graphene (CFG) were employed in the preparation of CFG/PVA nanocomposite films. FTIR and XRD analyses revealed that CFG, in contrast to graphene, not only possesses carboxylic acid group but also exhibits higher crystallinity. Mechanical testing indicated a notable superiority of CFG addition over graphene, with optimal mechanical properties such as tensile and yield strengths being achieved at a 3% CFG concentration.

Palladium/NBE-Catalyzed Regioselective C-H Silylation: Access to Divergent Silicon-Containing Indoles.

A palladium/norbornene (NBE)-catalyzed regioselective C-H silylation of free NH-indoles is reported. This protocol uses Pd(OAc) as the catalyst and Cu(OAc) as the oxidant, and the reaction relies on the control of NBE as a switch. The reaction tolerates various functional groups, and a series of silicon-containing indoles were directly synthesized in 30%-94% yields.

Synthesis of Fluoren-9-ones via Pd-Catalyzed Annulation of 2-Iodobiphenyls with Vinylene Carbonate.

A palladium-catalyzed reaction for intermolecular selective C-H cyclocarbonylation of 2-iodobiphenyls is described. Intriguingly, the vinylene carbonate acts as a carbon monoxide transfer agent to enable the annulation reaction. Moreover, as a versatile synthon, fluoren-9-one can be transformed into a variety of functionalized organic molecules, such as [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxylic acid, 1'H,3'H-spiro[fluorene-9,2'-perimidine] and N-tosylhydrazones.

NBE-Controlled Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Selective C-H Silylation of Boronic Acids.

An efficient palladium-catalyzed intermolecular selective C-H silylation of boronic acids is described. The combination of palladium catalyst with copper oxidant enables -selective C-H silylation by employing hexamethyldisilane as the trimethylsilyl source, which relies on the control of NBE derivatives as a switch, thus providing straightforward access to divergent organosilicon compounds.

Selective capacitive removal of Pb ion contaminants from drinking water nickel foam/MnCoO@tannic acid-Fe electrodes.

The health hazards caused by low concentrations of Pb ions in drinking water systems are of significant concern. In order to remove Pb ions and retain Na, K, Ca and Mg as harmless competitive ions without simultaneous removal, nickel foam (NF)/MnCoO@tannic acid (TA)-Fe electrodes were prepared by a hydrothermal method and a coating method and an asymmetric capacitive deionization (CDI) system is established using the prepared electrodes and a graphite paper positive electrode. The designed asymmetric CDI system exhibited a high Pb adsorption capacity of 375 mg g with high removal efficiency and significant regeneration behavior at 1.

Secular trend analysis of antibiotic utilisation in some hospitals in Southern Sichuan from 2010 to 2020.

In order to assess the effectiveness of the Special Antimicrobial Stewardship Campaign launched by Ministry of Health of China in 2011, this study focused on the effectiveness and trends in the clinical use of antimicrobial drugs in selected hospitals in Southern Sichuan, China. This study collected and analyzed antibiotic data from 9 hospitals in Southern Sichuanin 2010, 2015, and 2020, including the rate of antibiotic use, expense, the intensity of antibiotic use and antibiotic use during the type I incisions of perioperative period. After 10 years of continuous improvement, the utilization rate of antibiotics in outpatients of the 9 hospitals continued to decline and was controlled below 20% by 2020, while the utilization rate in inpatients also significantly decreased, most were controlled within 60%.

Mn-catalyzed electrooxidative radical phosphorylation of 2-isocyanobiaryls.

As an efficient and green synthesis method, the electrocatalysis hydrogen evolution coupling reaction has been widely used by chemists to realize the combining of two nucleophiles. In this work, an alternative method to synthesize 6-phosphorylated phenanthridines has been developed by synergistically utilizing electrocatalysis and Mn catalysis, with moderate to relatively good yields achieved. Mild and oxidant-free conditions make this synthetic method applicable in various settings.

Efficacy of administrative intervention for neurosurgical patients with off-label use of alprostadil lipid microsphere.

As an adjuvant drug, alprostadil lipid microsphere injection (Lipo-PGE) is one of the best-selling drugs in China in recent years. However, the off-label use of Lipo-PGE is very common. This study aimed to investigate the use of Lipo-PGE and evaluate the clinical effects and economic benefits after administrative intervention on inappropriate use of Lipo-PGE in neurosurgical patients in a Chinese tertiary hospital.

Impact of proton pump inhibitor management committee's multifaceted interventions on acid suppressant prescribing patterns in outpatient and emergency departments.

Background: A nationwide campaign for rational proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use launched in 2015 had a positive impact for hospitalized patients PPI use. But there were few studies focusing on the rational use of PPIs in outpatients. In 2018, the PPI management committee conducted a year-long intervention on the appropriate use of PPIs in outpatient and emergency departments, including clinical pharmacist interventions and stewardship interventions.

Anisotropic plasmonic Pd-tipped Au nanorods for near-infrared light-activated photoacoustic imaging guided photothermal-photodynamic cancer therapy.

The integration of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a promising cancer treatment method. Herein, anisotropic metal hetero-nanostructure Pd-tipped Au nanorods (PTA NRs) were fabricated, which exhibit plasmon-enhanced photothermal performance under near-infrared laser irradiation. Due to their anisotropic nanostructure, PTA NRs promote the generation of energetic hot electrons and prolong the separation time of electrons and holes.

Pb Induces MCP-1 in the Choroid Plexus.

Lead (Pb) is an environmental element that has been implicated in the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Additionally, innate immune activation contributes to AD pathophysiology. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood.

Effect of Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine on Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function After Abdominal Surgery in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Postoperative ileus is common after abdominal surgery, and small clinical studies have reported that intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine may be associated with improvements in postoperative gastrointestinal function. However, findings have been inconsistent and study samples have been small. Further examination of the effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative gastrointestinal function is needed.