Subarachnoid puncture via the anterior fontanelle with intrathecal vancomycin for refractory purulent meningitis: a pediatric case report.

This case report presents a novel treatment approach for refractory purulent meningitis in a 1-month-old infant caused by penicillin-sensitive group B Streptococcus. Despite initial treatment with intravenous antibiotics, including penicillin and vancomycin, the infant experienced persistent symptoms and bilateral subdural effusions. Conventional therapies failed to resolve these issues, leading to the use of a new technique: subarachnoid puncture via the anterior fontanelle combined with intrathecal vancomycin administration.

Optimized anti-tuberculosis duration for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus comorbidities: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Background: The coexistence of tuberculosis (TB) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) presents unique challenges in treatment optimization and management, given the mutual exacerbation of disease processes.

Objective: This multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two different treatment durations (6-month versus 9-month regimens) regimen for patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (DS-PTB) and concurrent type 2 diabetes (DM).

Methods: Patients with DS-PTB and type-2 DM from 22 hospitals in China are enrolled.

Preparation of high-purity SiO by S-HGMS coupled with mixed-acid leaching: A case study on hematite tailings from Ansteel, China.

Hematite tailings (HTs) are rich in silica and are used as replacements for fine aggregates in the preparation of construction materials. However, there is scope for a more effective utilization of the valuable elements present in HTs. In this paper, a process for preparing high-purity SiO using HTs procured from Ansteel (China) is proposed.

Etiological Analysis of Viral Encephalitis in Children in Zhejiang Province from 2018 to 2019.

Objective: To investigate the common pathogens of viral encephalitis (VE) in children, and to provide guidance for the empirical diagnosis and treatment of patients with VE.

Methods: A total of 227 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from pediatric patients with VE in Zhejiang province from January 2018 to December 2019. The samples were tested using multiplex and singleplex Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific to enterovirus (EV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), mumps virus (MuV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)/type 2 (HSV-2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6).

Properties of Mucoid Serotype 3 From Children in China.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of hosts, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular epidemiology of mucoid serotype 3 () isolated from children in China.

Method: isolates collected between January 2016 and December 2019 were analyzed. isolates with mucoid phenotype were selected visually, and serotype 3 isolates were confirmed by Quellung reaction.

Recombinant Expression And Indirect ELISA For COWP And HSP70 Proteins From Cryptosporidium andersoni.

Cryptosporidium spp. infect cattle at a high rates, and reduce milk production. Cryptosporidiosis has caused economic losses for the dairy industry.

Effect of Macrolides and β-lactams on Clearance of Bordetella pertussis in the Nasopharynx in Children With Whooping Cough.

Objective: The purpose of the current study is to investigate the bactericidal effect of macrolides and β-lactams on Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) in the nasopharynx and provide guidance for treating macrolides-resistant B. pertussis infections.

Discovery and Characterization of Clinical Candidate LXE408 as a Kinetoplastid-Selective Proteasome Inhibitor for the Treatment of Leishmaniases.

Visceral leishmaniasis is responsible for up to 30,000 deaths every year. Current treatments have shortcomings that include toxicity and variable efficacy across endemic regions. Previously, we reported the discovery of GNF6702, a selective inhibitor of the kinetoplastid proteasome, which cleared parasites in murine models of leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and human African trypanosomiasis.

Diagnostic Yield of Pneumococcal Antigen Detection in Cerebrospinal Fluid for Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Meningitis Among Children in China.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of pneumococcal antigen detection in diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis in children.

Methods: Purulent meningitis was diagnosed according to European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guideline between July 2014 and June 2016. Along with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, pneumococcal antigen detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed, and further identification of pathogens was done with 16S rDNA-PCR and high-throughput sequencing.

Evaluation of the BioFire FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis panel for the detection of bacteria and yeast in Chinese children.

Background: Meningitis and encephalitis are life-threatening syndromes with high morbidity and mortality in children. Due to limitations of traditional laboratory approaches in etiological diagnosis, the rate of misdiagnoses is unacceptably high.

Methods: We retrospectively compared the potential clinical impact of the FilmArray meningitis/encephalitis (ME) panel conventional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture in children with central nervous system (CNS) infections.

Estrogenic and androgenic effects in mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) from streams contaminated by municipal effluent in Guangzhou, China.

The study reported in this paper used mosquitofish to investigate the estrogenic and androgenic effects of municipal wastewater contamination on the stream system in Guangzhou, China. Western mosquitofish collected from a reference site and five study sites in streams forming part of the Pearl River network were dissected and analyzed for their morphological characteristics (anal fin and hemal spine characteristics) and target mRNA expression of genes (VTGα and ERα mRNA expression). Increased VTGα mRNA expression in males and decreased VTGα mRNA expression in females were observed in samples taken from four of the five study sites, with no such observations being made at the reference site.

Chloridobis[N'-(2-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene)-4-nitro-benzohydrazidato-κO,N'](4-methyl-pyridine-κN)cobalt(III).

In the title complex, [Co(C(15)H(12)N(3)O(4))(2)Cl(C(6)H(7)N)], the Co(III) ion is coordinated by two N atoms and two O atoms from two deprotonated Schiff base ligands, one N atom from a 4-methyl-pyridine ligand and one Cl atom, forming a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The Co(III) ion is displaced by 0.038 (2) Å from the equatorial plane towards the axial Cl atom.

Developmental and reproductive characteristics of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) exposed to paper mill effluent in the Dengcun River, Sihui, South China.

The study reported in this paper tested the hypothesis that the developmental and reproductive health of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) exposed to pulp and paper effluent in the Dengcun River would differ from that of mosquitofish living in a reference site. We also studied whether morphological characteristics such as the anal fin and hemal spines of mosquitofish could serve as indicators for evaluating the androgenic effect and mosquitofish population security in the Dengcun River. Male and female mosquitofish were captured at three sites contaminated by pulp and paper effluent in the Dengcun River in Sihui, South China, and at a nearby uncontaminated reference site.

A type-II kinase inhibitor capable of inhibiting the T315I "gatekeeper" mutant of Bcr-Abl.

The second generation of Bcr-Abl inhibitors nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib developed to override imatinib resistance are not active against the T315I "gatekeeper" mutation. Here we describe a type-II T315I inhibitor 2 (GNF-7), based upon a 3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one scaffold which is capable of potently inhibiting wild-type and T315I Bcr-Abl as well as other clinically relevant Bcr-Abl mutants such as G250E, Q252H, Y253H, E255K, E255V, F317L, and M351T in biochemical and cellular assays. In addition, compound 2 displayed significant in vivo efficacy against T315I-Bcr-Abl without appreciable toxicity in a bioluminescent xenograft mouse model using a transformed T315I-Bcr-Abl-Ba/F3 cell line that has a stable luciferase expression.

Novel bisaryl substituted thiazoles and oxazoles as highly potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonists.

The discovery, synthesis, and optimization of compound 1 from a high-throughput screening hit to highly potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) agonists are reported. The synthesis and structure-activity relationship in this series are described in detail. On the basis of a general schematic PPAR pharmacophore model, scaffold 1 was divided into headgroup, linker, and tailgroup and successively optimized for PPAR activation using in vitro PPAR transactivation assays.

3,4,5-Trisubstituted isoxazoles as novel PPARdelta agonists. Part 2.

A series of PPARdelta-selective agonists was investigated and optimized for a favorable in vivo pharmacokinetic profile. Isoxazole LCI765 (17d) was found to be a potent and selective PPARdelta agonist with good in vivo PK properties in mouse (C(max)=5.1 microM, t(1/2)=3.

A general strategy for creating "inactive-conformation" abl inhibitors.

Kinase inhibitors that bind to the ATP cleft can be broadly classified into two groups: those that bind exclusively to the ATP site with the kinase assuming a conformation otherwise conducive to phosphotransfer (type I), and those that exploit a hydrophobic site immediately adjacent to the ATP pocket made accessible by a conformational rearrangement of the activation loop (type II). To date, all type II inhibitors were discovered by using structure-activity-guided optimization strategies. Here, we describe a general pharmacophore model of type II inhibition that enables a rational "hybrid-design" approach whereby a 3-trifluoromethylbenzamide functionality is appended to four distinct type I scaffolds in order to convert them into their corresponding type II counterparts.

3,4,5-Trisubstituted isoxazoles as novel PPARdelta agonists: Part 1.

We report the identification of a novel series of trisubstituted isoxazoles as PPAR activators from a high-throughput screen. A series of structural optimizations led to improved efficacy and excellent functional receptor selectivity for PPARdelta. The isoxazoles represent a series of agonists which display a scaffold that lies outside the typical PPAR agonist motif.

Efficient reversed-phase purification of a hydrophobic reaction product following Mitsunobu-mediated glycosylation.

The Mitsunobu reaction was used to attach tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose to a monoindolylmaleimide, providing a key intermediate in the total synthesis of indolocarbazole topoisomerase I poisons. Using normal-phase silica gel chromatography, purification of the glycosylated product normally required multiple columns, resulting in poor recovered yields. Reversed-phase chromatography was used successfully to purify this highly hydrophobic material, rapidly and in high yield.