Low-biofouling membrane bioreactor: Effects of cis-2-Decenoic acid addition on EPS and biofouling mitigation.

Biofouling is inevitable in the membrane process, particularly in membrane bioreactors (MBR) combined with activated sludge processes. Regulating microbial signaling systems with diffusible signal factors such as cis-2-Decenoic acid (CDA) can control biofilm formation without microbial death or growth inhibition. This study assessed the effectiveness of CDA in controlling biofouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs), essential for wastewater treatment.

Visualizing reactive astrocyte-neuron interaction in Alzheimer's disease using 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG.

Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a clinically validated neuroimaging probe to visualize the reactive astrogliosis is yet to be discovered. Here, we show that PET imaging with 11C-acetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) functionally visualizes the reactive astrocyte-mediated neuronal hypometabolism in the brains with neuroinflammation and AD.

Visuosocial Preference Memory, but Not Avoidance Memory, Requires PLCγ1 in the CA2 Hippocampus.

Visuosocial memory is defined as stored visual information containing social context. Primates have a powerful ability to associate visuosocial memory with episodic memory. However, the existence of visuosocial memory in mice remains unclear.

11 C-Acetate PET/CT Detects Reactive Astrogliosis Helping Glioma Classification.

Purpose: 11 C-acetate ( 11 C-ACE) uptake on PET/CT was recently discovered to represent reactive astrocytes in the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed at evaluating the role of 11 C-ACE PET/CT as an imaging biomarker of reactive astrogliosis in characterizing different types of gliomas.

Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 182 patients underwent 11 C-ACE PET/CT before surgery.

Astrocytic urea cycle detoxifies Aβ-derived ammonia while impairing memory in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the foremost neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and significant progressive memory loss. In AD, astrocytes are proposed to take up and clear Aβ plaques. However, how Aβ induces pathogenesis and memory impairment in AD remains elusive.

Astrocytes Control Sensory Acuity via Tonic Inhibition in the Thalamus.

Sensory discrimination is essential for survival. However, how sensory information is finely controlled in the brain is not well defined. Here, we show that astrocytes control tactile acuity via tonic inhibition in the thalamus.

Genetic heterogeneity and prognostic impact of recurrent ANK2 and TP53 mutations in mantle cell lymphoma: a multi-centre cohort study.

The molecular features of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), including its increased incidence, and complex therapies have not been investigated in detail, particularly in East Asian populations. In this study, we performed targeted panel sequencing (TPS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) to investigate the genetic alterations in Korean MCL patients. We obtained a total of 53 samples from MCL patients from five Korean university hospitals between 2009 and 2016.

Formation and Encapsulation of All-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites at Room Temperature in Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Improving the stability and tuning the optical properties of semiconducting perovskites are vital for their applications in advanced optoelectronic devices. We present a facile synthetic method for hybrid composites of perovskites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). A simple two-step solution-based method without organic surfactants was employed to make all-inorganic lead-halide perovskites (CsPbX; X = Cl, Br, I, or mixed halide compositions) form directly in the pores of MIL-101 MOF.

Astrocyte Specificity and Coverage of hGFAP-CreERT2 [Tg(GFAP-Cre/ERT2)13Kdmc] Mouse Line in Various Brain Regions.

Astrocyte is the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system and its importance has been increasingly recognized in the brain pathophysiology. To study function of astrocyte, astrocyte-specific gene-targeting is regarded as a powerful approach. Especially, hGFAP-CreERT2, which expresses tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under the human promoter, has been developed and characterized from several research groups.

AAV-Mediated Astrocyte-Specific Gene Expression under Human Promoter in Mouse Thalamus.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery has been proposed to be an essential tool of gene therapy for various brain diseases. Among several cell types in the brain, astrocyte has become a promising therapeutic target for brain diseases, as more and more contribution of astrocytes in pathophysiology has been revealed. Until now, genetically targeting astrocytes has been possible by utilizing the () promoter.

Comparison of the cuff pressure of a TaperGuard endotracheal tube and a cylindrical endotracheal tube after lateral rotation of head during middle ear surgery: A single-blind, randomized clinical consort study.

Background: Positional change affects the cuff pressure of an endotracheal tube (ETT) in treacheally intubated patients. We compared the cuff pressure of a TaperGuard ETT and a cylindrical ETT after lateral rotation of head during middle ear surgery.

Methods: Fifty-two patients aged 18-70 years underwent a tympanomastoidectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive endotracheal intubation with cylindrical (group C, n = 26) or TaperGuard ETTs (group T, n = 26).

Photoresponse of CsPbBr and CsPbBr Perovskite Single Crystals.

High-quality and millimeter-sized perovskite single crystals of CsPbBr and CsPbBr were prepared in organic solvents and studied for correlation between photocurrent generation and photoluminescence (PL) emission. The CsPbBr crystals, which have a 3D perovskite structure, showed a highly sensitive photoresponse and poor PL signal. In contrast, CsPbBr crystals, which have a 0D perovskite structure, exhibited more than 1 order of magnitude higher PL intensity than CsPbBr, which generated an ultralow photoresponse under illumination.

Reduction of nitrate by resin-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron.

For environmental remediation of a contaminated groundwater, the use of nanosized zero-valent iron (nZVI) represents one of the latest innovative technologies. However, nZVI gets easily agglomerated due to its colloidal characteristics and has limited applications. To overcome this drawback, nZVI was immobilized on a supporting material.

Enhanced reduction of nitrate by supported nanoscale zero-valent iron prepared in ethanol-water solution.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron is famous for its high reactivity originating from its high surface area, and has emerged as an extension of granular zero-valent iron technology. Due to its extremely small size, nanosized iron cannot be used as a medium in a permeable reactive barrier system, which is the most popular application of granular iron. To overcome this shortcoming, supported nanoscale zero-valent iron was created.