Effects of land use and dissolved organic matter on pCO are dependent on stream orders and hydrological seasonality in a low-order karst river.

Human activities and stream accumulation influence carbon loadings, altering the distributions and characteristics of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon in rivers. It is widely recognized that such alterations affect dissolved organic matter (DOM) components, water environment and river carbon dioxide (CO) degassing, however, the control factors by which land use/land cover (LULC) and DOM components regulate the partial pressure of CO (pCO) are unclear. Here, in the Daning karst river system, an extensive investigation was presented to investigate the role of LULC and DOM components in influencing the spatial and temporal variability of pCO, as well as to investigate the regulating effect of stream order and hydrological rhythm on this influence.

A comprehensive conceptual framework for signaling in-lake CO through dissolved organic matter.

Organic carbon (C) and CO pools are closely interactive in aquatic environments. While there are strong indications linking freshwater CO to dissolved organic matter (DOM), the specific mechanisms underlying their common pathways remain unclear. Here, we present an extensive investigation from 20 subtropical lakes in China, establishing a comprehensive conceptual framework for identifying CO drivers and retrieving CO magnitude through co-trajectories of DOM evolution.

Mesosphere of Carbon-Shelled Copper Nanoparticles with High Conductivity and Thermal Stability via Direct Carbonization of Polymer Soft Templates.

Copper nanoparticle (Cu NP) is a promising replacement for noble metal nanoparticles due to its high electrical conductivity and low cost. However, Cu NPs are relatively active compared to noble metals, and current ways of protecting Cu NPs from oxidation by encapsulation have severe drawbacks, such as a long reaction time and complicated processes. Here, a facial and effective method to prepare the mesosphere of carbon-shelled copper nanoparticles (Cu@MC) was demonstrated, and the resulting Cu@MC was both highly electrically conductive and thermally stable.

[Dissolved Organic Matter Component and Source Characteristics of the Metropolitan Lakes and Reservoirs in a Typical Karst Region].

In order to explore dissolved organic matter (DOM) components and their origins in metropolitan lakes and reservoirs in the karst region, the typical Hongfeng Lake, Baihua Lake, Songbaishan Reservoir, and Aha Reservoir were investigated in Guiyang City. Surface water parameters, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), chlorophyll a (Chla), and optical parameters (, , , E2:E3, , FI, , BIX, and HIX) were analyzed. Fluorescence peaks (B, T, A, M, C, D, and N) and three-dimensional matrix fluorescence with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) were employed to explain distinct DOM abundances and proportions.

Zirconia/phenylsiloxane nano-composite for LED encapsulation with high and stable light extraction efficiency.

To obtain a rapid processible LED encapsulant that leads to high and stable light extraction efficiency (LEE), UV curable ZrO/phenyl-siloxane nano-composite (ZSC) double-layer encapsulants were prepared and optimized. The highly crystalline ZrO nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼14 nm were synthesized through a modified hydrothermal method at mild conditions, and a UV curable methacryl-diphenyl-polysiloxane (MDPS) with a refractive index (RI) of 1.54 (at 633 nm) was synthesized from self-condensation of diphenylsilanediol and an end-capping reaction.

Efficacy of Glucocorticoid plus Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Children with Immunoglobulin-Insensitive Kawasaki Disease.

This study mainly analyzes the clinical effect of glucocorticoid (GC) plus intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in treating children with immunoglobulin (Ig)-insensitive Kawasaki disease (KD). From September 2013 to November 2021, 86 Ig-insensitive KD children were selected, including 46 children (observation group, Obs) treated with GC plus IVIG, and 40 children (control group, Con) treated with IVIG. The symptom (fever and fever) resolution time, inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, CRP; procalcitonin, PCT; interleukin-6, IL-6), immune indicators (CD3, CD4, CD8 T lymphocytes CD3, CD4, and CD4/CD8), and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the groups.

Hot spot of CH production and diffusive flux in rivers with high urbanization.

Rivers and streams play a central role in global carbon budget, but our knowledge is limited on the magnitude and extent of urbanization influence on riverine methane (CH) dynamics. In this study, we investigated dissolved CH (dCH) concentration and CH diffusive fluxes in 27 river segments of two 4-order and three 3-order tributary rivers to the Yangtze River in China, which drained land areas with varied urbanization intensities. We found that urban development was the key factor responsible for high fluvial dCH concentration and diffusive flux, exceeding the influence of agricultural farming, and these headwater rivers were over-saturated in CH with respect to atmospheric equilibrium.

Intrinsically flame-retardant polyamide 66 with high flame retardancy and mechanical properties.

The key factor in the synthesis of intrinsic flame retardant polymers is the thermal stability and reactivity of phosphorus-based flame retardants. However, it is difficult to realize both thermal stability and high reactivity by using one phosphorus-based flame retardant. Herein, we proposed a strategy to improve the thermal stability of highly reactive flame-retardant, 4-(2-(((2-carboxyethyl)(phenyl)phosphoryl)oxy)ethoxy)-4-oxohexanoic acid (CPPOA), by reacting it with 1,6-diaminohexane to obtain CPPOA salt, which then was copolymerized with PA66 salt to obtain intrinsic flame-retardant polyamide 66 (FRPA66).

Spatial and temporal comparisons of dissolved organic matter in river systems of the Three Gorges Reservoir region using fluorescence and UV-Visible spectroscopy.

Understanding optical characteristics, composition and source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in rivers of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region is important for region and global carbon cycle. However, chemical compositions and source of DOM from the tributary to mainstream in the TGR region are not well studied. Consequently, 126 water samples were collected from rivers in different land use region, and these rivers covered the main tributaries of the Yangtze River in the TGR region.

Flexible Graphene Nanocomposites with Simultaneous Highly Anisotropic Thermal and Electrical Conductivities Prepared by Engineered Graphene with Flat Morphology.

Achieving nanocomposites with simultaneous highly anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities using carbon materials remains challenging as carbon material tends to form random networks in nanocomposites. Here, highly anisotropic and flexible graphene@naphthalenesulfonate (NS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (GN/PVA) nanocomposites were fabricated using a layer-by-layer scraping method with flat graphene as the starting functional filler. NS acted as a bond bridge for linking the graphene (π-π interaction) and PVA (hydrogen bond).

Academic Emotion Classification and Recognition Method for Large-scale Online Learning Environment-Based on A-CNN and LSTM-ATT Deep Learning Pipeline Method.

Subjective well-being is a comprehensive psychological indicator for measuring quality of life. Studies have found that emotional measurement methods and measurement accuracy are important for well-being-related research. Academic emotion is an emotion description in the field of education.

Self-Assembled Monolayers for the Polymer/Semiconductor Interface with Improved Interfacial Thermal Management.

Reliability and lifespan of highly miniaturized and integrated devices will be effectively improved if excessive accumulated heat can be quickly transported to heat sinks. In this study, both molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experiments were performed to demonstrate that self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have high potential in interfacial thermal management and can enhance thermal transport across the polystyrene (PS)/silicon (Si) interface, modeling the common polymer/semiconductor interfaces in actual devices. The influence of packing density and alkyl-chain length of SAMs is investigated.

NaYF:Yb,Tm@TiO core@shell structures for optimal photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in the aquatic environment.

The removal of antibiotic residues in the aquatic environment is still a big challenge in environmental protection. Here, we developed NaYF:Yb,Tm@TiO as a highly efficient photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP), a representative antibiotic in water under simulated solar irradiation. NaYF:Yb,Tm@TiO can efficiently utilize a broad spectrum of solar energy to improve the efficiency of ciprofloxacin removal from an aquatic environment.

miRNA-214 suppresses oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy via the ROS/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and uncoupling protein 2.

In the present study, the function of microRNA (miR)-214 on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetes of proximal tubular cells was investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used measure the expression of miR-214 in rats with DN and ELISA was performed to measure oxidative stress and ROS levels. Results indicated that miR-214 expression in the peripheral blood was significantly decreased in rats with DN.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Self-Assembled Au Nanoparticles Arrays for Pesticides Residues Multiplex Detection under Complex Environment.

The high reproducibility of trace detection in complex systems is very hard but crucial to analytical technology and science. Here, we present a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform made by large-scale self-assembly of Au nanoparticle (NP) arrays at the cyclohexane/water interface and its use for pesticides residues trace detection. The analyte molecules spontaneously localize into the Au NPs' nanogaps during the self-assembly process, yielding excellent Raman signal enhancement by surface effects, and possibly both by the concentration of the analytes into the array and by plasmonic hot-spot formation.

SIRT5 regulates pancreatic β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.

Impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance are the primary characteristics of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanisms underlying insulin secretion failure have yet to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is upregulated in patients with T2D and in pancreatic β-cell lines.

Optimization of Malachite Green Removal from Water by TiO₂ Nanoparticles under UV Irradiation.

TiO₂ nanoparticles with surface porosity were prepared by a simple and efficient method and presented for the removal of malachite green (MG), a representative organic pollutant, from aqueous solution. Photocatalytic degradation experiments were systematically conducted to investigate the influence of TiO₂ dosage, pH value, and initial concentrations of MG. The kinetics of the reaction were monitored via UV spectroscopy and the kinetic process can be well predicted by the pseudo first-order model.

Risk assessment of heavy metals in soil of Tongnan District (Southwest China): evidence from multiple indices with high-spatial-resolution sampling.

Assessment of heavy metal (HM) pollution in soil is critical for human health, ecological remediation, and soil conservation. In this study, statistical analyses and geochemical approaches such as enrichment factor (EF), the index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), and potential ecological risk index (RI) were used for characterization and risk assessment of soil HMs through a high-spatial-resolution 385 samples from Tongnan District, an important agricultural practice area in Chongqing Municipality in Southwest China. Igeo and EF indicated that Hg and Cd could be considered as low and moderate polluted, respectively, and others HMs were not a major concern.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Liquid Interfacial Nanoparticle Arrays for Multiplex Detecting Drugs in Urine.

The design and application of liquid interfacial plasmonic platform is still in its infancy but is an exciting topic in tunable optical devices, sensors, and catalysis. Here, we developed an interfacial surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform through the large-scale self-assembly of gold nanoparticle (GNP) arrays at the cyclohexane (CYH)/water interface for detecting trace drug molecules in the urine of humans. The molecules extracted by the CYH phase from a urine sample were directly localized into the self-organized plasmonic hotspots, yielded excellent Raman enhancement, and realized the substrate-free interfacial SERS detection.

Expression of α-fetoprotein in gastric cancer AGS cells contributes to invasion and metastasis by influencing anoikis sensitivity.

α-fetoprotein (AFP) is a valuable tumor marker for many types of cancers, including primary gastric cancer (GC). However, the effects of AFP expression on the metastasis and anoikis sensitivity of GC remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the role and possible mechanism of AFP in the invasion and metastasis of GC AGS cells, particularly in the anoikis sensitivity of AGS cells.

Small‑sized gold nanoparticles inhibit the proliferation and invasion of SW579 cells.

The present study reported on an intrinsic property of gold nanoparticles (Au‑NPs), namely their ability to inhibit the proliferation and invasion of thyroid carcinoma cells. Au‑NPs of various sizes (5‑60 nm) were synthesized and their uptake into the SW579 human thyroid carcinoma cell line was verified using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and invasive capacity of SW579 cells were assessed following treatment with Au‑NPs using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, flow cytometric analysis and a Transwell as well as a fluorometric invasion assay.

Tuning the Interfacial Thermal Conductance between Polystyrene and Sapphire by Controlling the Interfacial Adhesion.

In polymer-based electric microdevices, thermal transport across polymer/ceramic interface is essential for heat dissipation, which limits the improvement of the device performance and lifetime. In this work, four sets of polystyrene (PS) thin films/sapphire samples were prepared with different interface adhesion values, which was achieved by changing the rotation speeds in the spin-coating process. The interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) between the PS films and the sapphire were measured by time domain thermoreflectance method, and the interfacial adhesion between the PS films and the sapphire, as measured by a scratch tester, was found to increase with the rotation speed from 2000 to 8000 rpm.