Portable IC system enabled with dual LED-based absorbance detectors and 3D-printed post-column heated micro-reactor for the simultaneous determination of ammonium, nitrite and nitrate.

Background: The on-site and simultaneous determination of anionic nitrite (NO) and nitrate (NO), and cationic ammonium (NH), in industrial and natural waters, presents a significant analytical challenge. Toward this end, herein a 3D-printed micro-reactor with an integrated heater chip was designed and optimised for the post-column colorimetric detection of NH using a modified Berthelot reaction. The system was integrated within a portable and field deployable ion chromatograph (Aquamonitrix) designed to separate and detect NO and NO, but here enabled with dual LED-based absorbance detectors, with the aim to provide the first system capable of simultaneous determination of both anions and NH in industrial and natural waters.

Application of a portable ion chromatograph for real-time field analysis of nitrite and nitrate in soils and soil pore waters.

Real-time monitoring of nitrite and nitrate is crucial for maintaining soil health and promoting plant growth. In this study, a portable ion-chromatograph (IC, Aquamonitrix) analyser, coupled with a field-applicable ultrasonic-assisted extraction method, was utilised for in-field determination of nitrate and nitrite in soils. This is the first application of this type of analyser to soil nutrients.

P2X Receptors: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Symptoms Associated With Lung Cancer - A Mini Review.

Symptoms associated with lung cancer mainly consist of cancer-associated pain, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea. However, underlying mechanisms of lung cancer symptom clusters remain unclear. There remains a paucity of effective treatment to ameliorate debilitating symptoms and improve the quality of life of lung cancer survivors.

Methods for assessing cough sensitivity.

Cough sensitivity can be described as the reaction intensity of the cough reflex to different stimuli which activate chemically and mechanically sensitive vagal afferent nerves innervating airways and lungs. Measurement of cough reflex sensitivity plays an important role in revealing the underlying mechanisms of cough and evaluating the effects of pharmacological interventions. Besides, different responses to cough suppression therapies indicate the existence of cough hypersensitivity.

Arnold Nerve Reflex: Vagal Hypersensitivity in Chronic Cough With Various Causes.

Background: A higher incidence of Arnold nerve reflex (ANR) has been observed in patients with chronic cough. However, the different ANR response in various causes of chronic cough remains unclear. Furthermore, it is unknown whether ANR will change after effective treatment.