Secular Trends in the Incidence of and Mortality Due to Alzheimer's Disease and Other Forms of Dementia in China From 1990 to 2019: An Age-Period-Cohort Study and Joinpoint Analysis.

Background: The number of individuals with dementia is increasing, which negatively affects families, communities, and health care systems worldwide. The changes in the incidence of and mortality due to Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia at the national level in China have remained unknown over the past three decades.

Methods: Following the general analytical strategy used in the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019, the age- and sex-specific incidence and mortality rates for dementia in China were analyzed.

Treatment and prognosis of cervical cancer associated with pregnancy: analysis of 20 cases from a Chinese tumor institution.

This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic approaches and prognosis for cervical cancer associated with pregnancy. Clinical information, therapeutic strategies, and follow-up results of 20 patients with cervical cancer associated with pregnancy from Jan. 2000 to June 2009 in the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.

The Role of p21 in Apoptosis, Proliferation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Antioxidant Activity in UVB-Irradiated Human HaCaT Keratinocytes.

Background: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation-induced DNA damage is the major environmental factor underlying skin cancer development. p21, a p53-inducible protein, plays a key role in the cellular response to UVB-induced DNA damage.

Material And Methods: Through p21 silencing and overexpression, we investigated the role of p21 in apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative stress in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes.

Clinical analysis of twenty cases of cervical cancer associated with pregnancy.

Objectives: The objectives are to investigate the therapeutic methods and prognosis of cervical cancer associated with pregnancy.

Methods: Combined with a literature review, we analyzed the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treating process, and prognosis of 20 cases of cervical cancer associated with pregnancy admitted in our hospital from 2000 to 2009.

Results: Fifteen cases were treated with surgery, four cases with radiotherapy or synchronous chemoradiation, and one case with palliative systemic chemotherapy.

[Intranasal administration of temozolomide for brain-targeting delivery: therapeutic effect on glioma in rats].

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of intranasal administration of temozolomide (TMZ) for brain-targeting delivery in a rat model bearing orthotopic C6 glioma xenografts.

Methods: Forty Wistar rat bearing brain C6 glioma xenograft were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated with physiological saline solution or with TMZ by intravenous injection, gavage or intranasal administration. The tumor size, rat survival time and pathological changes were observed in each group.

Formulation and evaluation of thienorphine hydrochloride sublingual delivery system.

Thienorphine hydrochloride (ThH) is a highly insoluble and readily metabolized partial-opioid agonist. It is used for the treatment of pain and heroin addiction. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate sublingual delivery systems containing ThH.

Effects of gamma-irradiation on PLGA microspheres loaded with thienorphine.

Ionizing radiation can be used as a drug sterilization technique, provided that the drug itself is not modified and that no toxic products are produced; moreover, if the irradiated product is a drug delivery system, its drug release characteristics must not be significantly altered by radiation. The aim of this work was to study the effects of sterilization by ionizing radiation on PLGA microspheres, containing thienorphine. Thienorphine PLGA microspheres were prepared by the O/W solvent evaporation method and characterized by HPLC, SEM and laser particle size analysis.

Effects of formulation parameters on encapsulation efficiency and release behavior of thienorphine loaded PLGA microspheres.

To develop a long-acting injectable thienorphine biodegradable poly (d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microsphere for the therapy of opioid addiction, the effects of formulation parameters on encapsulation efficiency and release behavior were studied. The thienorphine loaded PLGA microspheres were prepared by o/w solvent evaporation method and characterized by HPLC, SEM, laser particle size analysis, residual solvent content and sterility testing. The microspheres were sterilized by gamma irradiation (2.

[Feasibility of unilateral or bilateral nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy in patients with cervical cancer and evaluation of the post-surgery recovery of the bladder and rectal function].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of unilateral or bilateral nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy and evaluate the recovery of bladder and bowel function postoperatively.

Methods: From August 2008 to October 2009, sixty-one patients with cervical cancer stage Ib1 to IIa underwent radical hysterectomy (33 cases) and nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (28 cases). Unilateral nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy was performed in 10 patients, and bilateral nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (BNS) was performed in 18 patients.

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of thienorphine-loaded PLGA microspheres.

Thienorphine-loaded microspheres composed of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) were prepared by an O/W emulsion solvent evaporation method. HPLC was used to determine the drug loading and drug release, while a LC-MS-MS system was employed to analyze the plasma drug concentration. Results indicated that the PLGA particles obtained were spherical and of appropriate size.

[Clinical analysis of 13 cases with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia].

Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis, high risk factors, clinical characteristics, methods of diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN).

Methods: The clinical data of thirteen cases of VAIN treated in Zhejiang Provincial Cancer Hospital dated Mar. 2002 through Dec.

Osteogenesis mechanism of chitosan-coated calcium sulfate pellets on the restoration of segmental bone defects.

A radial segmental defect model of a rabbit was used to study the restoration effect on defects treated with chitosan-coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets, and uncoated pressed calcium sulfate pellets. Nothing was implanted in the control group. After 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the results indicated that coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets combined with rhBMP-2 and coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets facilitated new bone formation on defected bones and that, particularly, the coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets combined with rhBMP-2 was more effective than the coated pressed calcium sulfate pellet.

[Analysis of therapeutic result and prognostic factor in primary fallopian tube carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the impact of treatment modality and clinicopathologic profile on prognosis in primary fallopian tube carcinoma.

Methods: The data of 64 cases with primary fallopian tube carcinoma treated between January 1991 and June 2006 were analyzed. The clinicopathological data were retrospectively analyzed.

Effects of chitosan-coated pressed calcium sulfate pellet combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 on restoration of segmental bone defect.

A chitosan-coated pressed calcium sulfate pellet combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) has been developed with increased compressive strength and osteoinduction, but with a resorption profile only slightly slower than uncoated pellet. A radial segmental defect model of rabbit was used to study the restoration effect on defect treated with chitosan-coated pressed calcium sulfate pellet combined with rhBMP-2, coated pressed calcium sulfate pellet, and uncoated pressed calcium sulfate pellet. Nothing was implanted in the control group.

Pharmacodynamic comparison of prostaglandin E1 administered by different routes to rats.

The pharmacodynamics of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) administered by different routes to rats was investigated in this paper. The hypotensive effect of PGE, was used as an index of drug efficacy, pharmacodynamic parameters such as time to reach peak effect (Tmax), maximal percentage of blood pressure decrease (Emax, %), duration of effect (Td), and the area under the blood pressure decrease percent-time curves (AUC, % x min) were determined after PGE1 given to rats intranasally, sublingually, intraperitoneally (ip), and intramuscularly (im), separately, and compared with those obtained from intravenous (iv) administration. Similar to iv route, the pharmacodynamic parameters of PGE1 from the other administration routes, Emax, Td and in particular AUC values were all increased with increasing doses, showing dose-efficacy relationship.

[Combined effect of cosolvent and cyclodextrin on solubilization of insoluble drugs].

Aim: To investigate the combined effect of cosolvent and cyclodextrin (CD) on solubilization of insoluble drugs.

Methods: Phase-solubility method was applied to determine solubilization of two diterpenoids in cosolvent / cyclodextrin combinations. The combined effect was evaluated and explained with an established mathematical model, and the model parameters were calculated by means of nonlinear regression analysis.

The permeation of nalmefene hydrochloride across different regions of ovine nasal mucosa.

The permeability of nalmefene hydrochloride (NH) across different regions of ovine nasal mucosa was investigated in vitro. Five different regions of ovine nasal mucosa (superior turbinate mucosa, middle turbinate mucosa, inferior turbinate mucosa, posterior septum mucosa, and anterior septum mucosa) were studied. The results showed that the permeability coefficients of NH through different regions of nasal mucosa were different, and the suitable regions for the absorption of NH were the middle turbinate mucosa, the posterior septum mucosa and the superior turbinate.

[Effect of preparation technique on in vitro release mechanism of huperzine A microspheres].

Aim: To investigate the effect of preparation technique on in vitro release mechanism of huperzine A-PLGA microspheres.

Methods: Huperzine A-PLGA microspheres were prepared by two kinds of O/O emulsion solvent evaporation method (method A and B). In vitro release mechanism was explained by release profile, degradation rate and swelling rate of microspheres in vitro.

Optimization of the preparation of nalmefene-loaded sustained-release microspheres using central composite design.

Nalmefene-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres were prepared by O/O emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The central composite design-response surface methodology was used to optimize and predict the preparation microspheres. Effects of three independent variable variables i.

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of huperzine A-loaded PLGA microspheres.

Huperzine A-loaded microspheres composed of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) were prepared by an ONV emulsion solvent evaporation method. The characterization of the microspheres such as drug loading, size, shape and release profile was described. The in vitro release in the initial 7 days was nearly linear with 10% released per day.

Study on brain targeting of raltitrexed following intranasal administration in rats.

Purpose: To investigate the levels of raltitrexed (RTX) in blood and different brain tissues in rats and to find out whether there is any direct drug transport from nasal cavity to brain tissues following intranasal (i.n.) administration.