Impact of Circadian Clock Gene Overexpression on Rumen Epithelial Cell Dynamics and VFA Transport Protein Expression.

The circadian gene is recognized for its regulatory effects on cell proliferation and lipid metabolism across various non-ruminant cells. This study investigates the influence of gene overexpression on goat rumen epithelial cells using a constructed pcDNA3.1- plasmid, assessing its impact on circadian gene expression, cell proliferation, and mRNA levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) transporters, alongside genes related to lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.

Effective microorganism combinations improve the quality of compost-bedded pack products in heifer barns: exploring pack bacteria-fungi interaction mechanisms.

Background: Compost-bedded pack barns (CBP) are getting huge attention as an alternative housing system for dairy cows due to their beneficial impact on animal welfare. Effective microorganisms (EM) inoculums are believed to enhance compost quality, improve soil structure and benefit the environment. However, little information is available on the impact of incubation with external EM combinations on the barn environment, compost quality and microbial diversity in CBP.

Integrative Meta-Analysis: Unveiling Genetic Factors in Meat Sheep Growth and Muscular Development through QTL and Transcriptome Studies.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effects of castration on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in sheep, as well as explore the expression of key genes related to metabolic pathways and muscle growth following castration.

Methods: A meta-analysis approach was utilized to analyze data from multiple studies to compare the performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of castrated sheep (wethers) with intact rams. Additionally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, differential gene expression (DEG) interactions, Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were examined to identify molecular mechanisms associated with fat metabolism and muscle development in sheep tails.

De novo transcriptome assembly database for 100 tissues from each of seven species of domestic herbivore.

Domesticated herbivores are an important agricultural resource that play a critical role in global food security, particularly as they can adapt to varied environments, including marginal lands. An understanding of the molecular basis of their biology would contribute to better management and sustainable production. Thus, we conducted transcriptome sequencing of 100 to 105 tissues from two females of each of seven species of herbivore (cattle, sheep, goats, sika deer, horses, donkeys, and rabbits) including two breeds of sheep.

New insight into the mechanism of biofouling-resistant thiazole-linked covalent organic frameworks for selective uranium capture from seawater.

The extraction of uranium from seawater is crucial for the sustainable production of nuclear fuel. Traditional amidoxime-functionalized adsorbents suffer from competitive adsorption of vanadium ion and biofouling. These challenges motivate the development of novel adsorbents for selective uranium extraction from seawater.

Recent insights into the functions and mechanisms of antisense RNA: emerging applications in cancer therapy and precision medicine.

The antisense RNA molecule is a unique DNA transcript consisting of 19-23 nucleotides, characterized by its complementary nature to mRNA. These antisense RNAs play a crucial role in regulating gene expression at various stages, including replication, transcription, and translation. Additionally, artificial antisense RNAs have demonstrated their ability to effectively modulate gene expression in host cells.

Melatonin disturbed rumen microflora structure and metabolic pathways .

In studies, it has been found that the effects of MLT on rumen microorganisms and metabolites can change the rumen flora structure, significantly inhibit the relative abundance of harmful and improve the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria. MLT may regulate the "arginine-glutathione" pathway, "phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis-tryptophan generation" branch, "tryptophan-kynurenine" metabolism, and "tryptophan-tryptamine-serotonin" pathway through microorganisms.

Multi-Omics Reveals the Impact of Exogenous Short-Chain Fatty Acid Infusion on Rumen Homeostasis: Insights into Crosstalk between the Microbiome and the Epithelium in a Goat Model.

Emerging data have underscored the significance of exogenous supplementation of butyrate in the regulation of rumen development and homeostasis. However, the effects of other short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate or propionate, has received comparatively less attention, and the consequences of extensive exogenous SCFA infusion remain largely unknown. In our study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation by infusion of three SCFAs to examine their respective roles in regulating the rumen microbiome, metabolism, and epithelium homeostasis.

Homeostatic crosstalk among gut microbiome, hypothalamic and hepatic circadian clock oscillations, immunity and metabolism in response to different light-dark cycles: A multiomics study.

The accelerated pace of life at present time has resulted in tremendous alterations in living patterns. Changes in diet and eating patterns, in particular, coupled with irregular light-dark (LD) cycles will further induce circadian misalignment and lead to disease. Emerging data has highlighted the regulatory effects of diet and eating patterns on the host-microbe interactions with the circadian clock (CC), immunity, and metabolism.

Impacts of Circadian Gene Knockout on Intestinal Metabolism and Hepatic Antioxidant and Inflammation State in Mice.

The period circadian regulator 2 () gene is important for the modulations of rhythmic homeostasis in the gut and liver; disruption will cause metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver. Herein, we investigated the alterations in intestinal metabolic and hepatic functions in knockout ( , KO) and wild-type ( , WT) mice. Growth indices, intestinal metabolomics, hepatic circadian rhythms, lipid metabolism, inflammation-related genes, antioxidant capacity, and transcriptome sequencing were performed after euthanasia.

The Short-Day Cycle Induces Intestinal Epithelial Purine Metabolism Imbalance and Hepatic Disfunctions in Antibiotic-Mediated Gut Microbiota Perturbation Mice.

Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is related to many metabolic diseases in human health. Meanwhile, as an irregular environmental light-dark (LD) cycle, short day (SD) may induce host circadian rhythm disturbances and worsen the risks of gut dysbiosis. Herein, we investigated how LD cycles regulate intestinal metabolism upon the destruction of gut microbes with antibiotic treatments.

Latent Benefits and Toxicity Risks Transmission Chain of High Dietary Copper along the Livestock-Environment-Plant-Human Health Axis and Microbial Homeostasis: A Review.

The extensive use of high-concentration copper (Cu) in feed additives, fertilizers, pesticides, and nanoparticles (NPs) inevitably causes significant pollution in the ecological environment. This type of chain pollution begins with animal husbandry: first, Cu accumulation in animals poisons them; second, high Cu enters the soil and water sources with the feces and urine to cause toxicity, which may further lead to crop and plant pollution; third, this process ultimately endangers human health through consumption of livestock products, aquatic foods, plants, and even drinking water. High Cu potentially alters the antibiotic resistance of soil and water sources and further aggravates human disease risks.

Normal Light-Dark and Short-Light Cycles Regulate Intestinal Inflammation, Circulating Short-chain Fatty Acids and Gut Microbiota in Gene Knockout Mice.

Regular environmental light-dark (LD) cycle-regulated period circadian clock 2 () gene expression is essential for circadian oscillation, nutrient metabolism, and intestinal microbiota balance. Herein, we combined environmental LD cycles with gene knockout to investigate how LD cycles mediate expression to regulate colonic and cecal inflammatory and barrier functions, microbiome, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the circulation. Mice were divided into knockout (KO) and wild type (CON) under normal light-dark cycle (NLD) and short-light (SL) cycle for 2 weeks after 4 weeks of adaptation.

Biosorption of Copper in Swine Manure Using and Yeast: Characterization and Its Microbial Diversity Study.

Dietary copper supplementation in the feed of piglets generally exceeds 250-800 mg/kg, where a higher quantity (>250 mg/kg) can promote growth and improve feed conversion. Despite the reported positive effects, 90% of copper is excreted and can accumulate and pollute the soil. Data indicate that fungi have a biosorptive capacity for copper.