[Comparative Evaluation of Encephalon State Index and Bispectral Index in Monitoring the Depth of Anesthesia during the Surgical Anesthesia Stage].

Objective: Evaluate the performance of the encephalon state index (ESI) in depth of anesthesia monitoring during clinical surgery, compared with the bispectral index (BIS).

Methods: ESI and BIS data were collected from 60 patients in a single-center clinical trial to compare their efficacy in measuring the depth of anesthesia.

Results: Consistency analysis revealed mean differences and standard deviations of －0.

The mechanism of carbon and nitrogen metabolism under low temperature and low light stress after heading in late indica rice.

Double-season late indica rice frequently experiences low temperature accompanying with low light stress during the grain filling stage in southern China, which alters the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the rice grains, thereby impacting both grain yield and quality. However, the physiological mechanism is still unclear. A pot experiment using two late indica rice cultivars (high-quality and common-quality rice cultivars) was conducted under control (CK), low temperature (LT) and low temperature and light (LT + LL) to investigate the grain filling, photosynthetic characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzymes and related gene expression.

Relationship between Chalkiness and the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Rice Starch at Different Nighttime Temperatures during the Early Grain-Filling Stage.

The chalkiness, starch fine structure, and physiochemical properties of rice starch were analyzed and their correlations were investigated under different nighttime temperatures during the early grain-filling stage. Compared to MT, medium temperature (MT) and low (LNT) and high (HNT) nighttime temperatures resulted in an increased chalky grain rate (CGR) and chalkiness degree (CD). LNT mainly affected the chalkiness by increasing peak1 (short branch chains of amylopectin), the branching degree, and the proportion of small starch granules but decreasing peak2 (long branch chains of amylopectin) and peak3 (amylose branches).

Leaf diffusional capacity largely contributes to the reduced photosynthesis in rice plants under magnesium deficiency.

Numerous studies have clarified the impacts of magnesium (Mg) on leaf photosynthesis from the perspectives of protein synthesis, enzymes activation and carbohydrate partitioning. However, it still remains largely unknown how stomatal and mesophyll conductances (g and g, respectively) are regulated by Mg. In the present study, leaf gas exchanges, leaf hydraulic parameters, leaf structural traits and cell wall composition were examined in rice plants grown under high and low Mg treatments to elucidate the impacts of Mg on g and g.

Multi-omics reveals deoxycholic acid modulates bile acid metabolism via the gut microbiota to antagonize carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic liver injury.

Deoxycholic acid (DCA) serves essential functions in both physiological and pathological liver processes; nevertheless, the relationship among DCA, gut microbiota, and metabolism in chronic liver injury remain insufficiently understood. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the potential of DCA in ameliorating chronic liver injury and evaluate its regulatory effect on gut microbiota and metabolism via a comprehensive multi-omics approach. Our study found that DCA supplementation caused significant changes in the composition of gut microbiota, which were essential for its antagonistic effect against CCl-induced chronic liver injury.

Long-term straw return improves cooked rice texture by altering starch structural, physicochemical properties in South China.

Straw return can improve rice eating quality by modifying starch formation from long-term field trials, whereas the relevant mechanisms are still unknown. A long-term field experiment, including straw removal (CK), straw burning return (SBR), and straw return (SR) was conducted to investigate the starch structure, physicochemical properties, and cooked rice textures of early- and late-rice. Compared with CK, SBR and SR enhanced relative crystallinity, amylopectin long chains in both rice seasons, and gelatinization temperatures in late rice.

Increased stomatal conductance and leaf biochemical capacity, not mesophyll conductance, contributing to the enhanced photosynthesis in Oryza plants during domestication.

Leaf biochemical capacity and the ratio of leaf biochemical capacity to stomatal conductance are promising to enhance leaf photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency in rice plants, respectively. Domestication may have great impact on crop photosynthetic rate, which has not been fully understood, especially from the perspective of stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, and leaf biochemical capacity simultaneously. In this study, we constructed a database consisting of 141 and 92 sets of data from wild and cultivated rice, respectively, including leaf gas exchange parameters, hydraulic conductance, structural traits, and nitrogen content.

Targeted quantitative lipidomic uncovers lipid biomarkers for predicting the presence of compensated cirrhosis and discriminating decompensated cirrhosis from compensated cirrhosis.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize serum lipid metabolism and identify potential biomarkers for compensated cirrhosis (CC) predicting and decompensated cirrhosis (DC) discrimination using targeted quantitative lipidomics and machine learning approaches.

Methods: Serum samples from a cohort of 120 participants was analyzed, including 90 cirrhosis patients (45 CC patients and 45 DC patients) and 30 healthy individuals. Lipid metabolic profiling was performed using targeted LC-MS/MS.

Starch multiscale structure and physicochemical property alterations in high-quality indica rice quality and cooked rice texture under different nitrogen panicle fertilizer applications.

The starch multiscale structure, physiochemical properties, grain quality and cooked rice texture of high-quality early and late indica were analyzed under nitrogen panicle fertilizer (low panicle fertilizer, LPF; middle panicle fertilizer, MPF; high panicle fertilizer, HPF) treatments and their internal relations were investigated. Compared to the MPF treatment, the starch granules in HPF and LPF had more surface-proteins and irregular voids for high-quality early and late indica rice cultivars, respectively. Nitrogen panicle fertilization application increased amylopectin medium and long chains as well as protein content, resulting in higher relative crystallinity and gelatinization temperatures.

Grain yield and quality performances of different late-season rice cultivars in response to experimental warming in subtropical China.

Introduction: Climate warming has pronounced effects on rice production in China. However, late-seasons rice cultivars are diverse in double rice cropping systems, and the actual responses in grain yield and quality of different late-season rice cultivars to climate warming are still unclear.

Methods: A two-year field warming experiment was conducted by using free-air temperature increase facilities with three widely-planted late-season rice cultivars, including Taiyou398 (TY, short growth duration hybrid rice), Jiuxiangnian (JXN, long growth duration inbred rice), and Yongyou1538 (YY, long growth duration hybrid rice) in a double rice cropping system in subtropical China.

Effects of biochar on rice yield, grain quality and starch viscosity attributes.

Background: Biochar can play a key role in improving paddy soil and productivity. However, there is limited information on the effects of biochar on rice quality and starch gelatinization. In this study, four rice straw biochar dosage treatments (0, 20, 40 and 60 g kg ; CK, C20, C40 and C60, respectively) were set up to investigate rice yield components, rice processing, appearance and cooking quality, and starch gelatinization.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis provides insights into the molecular basis underlying pre-harvest sprouting in rice.

Background: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the most serious rice production constraints in areas where prolonged rainfall occurs during harvest. However, the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation underlying PHS remain largely unknown.

Results: In the current study, comparative transcriptome analyses were performed to characterize the similarities and differences between two rice varieties: PHS-sensitive Jiuxiangzhan (JXZ) and PHS-resistant Meixiangxinzhan (MXXZ).

Interactive effects of water management and liming on CH emissions and rice cadmium uptake in an acid paddy soil.

Rice agriculture is both an important source of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH) and a bioaccumulator of cadmium (Cd), which is hazardous to human health. Avoiding flooding during rice production is effective for reducing CH emissions, but it increases rice Cd uptake. Although lime application decreases Cd concentration in rice grains, it is not clear whether combining appropriate water management with liming can simultaneously reduce CH emissions and Cd uptake in rice paddies.

Relation of cooked rice texture to starch structure and physicochemical properties under different nitrogen managements.

Nitrogen management, especially panicle nitrogen fertilization (PNF), can affect cooked rice textures by altering starch quality, but the details are unclear. In this study, the starch multi-level structures, physicochemical properties and cooked rice textures of indica under different nitrogen managements were analysed and their internal relations were investigated. With an increase in PNF, large granules, amylopectin short chains, amylose content, thermal temperatures, setback, and hardness first exhibited decreasing trends and then increasing trends, which were relatively lower under moderate PNF (N3), whereas α-1,6 linkage, relative crystallinity, protein content, enthalpy of gelatinization (△H), peak viscosity, breakdown and stickiness exhibited the opposite trends.

Health beliefs associated with preventive behaviors against noncommunicable diseases.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between health beliefs and preventive behaviors against noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).

Methods: A survey was conducted in Health Management Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from August 2019 to December 2019. An structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data on sociodemographic characteristics, health belief model (HBM) constructs and NCD-related behaviors.

Transcriptomic, proteomic, and physiological comparative analyses of flooding mitigation of the damage induced by low-temperature stress in direct seeded early indica rice at the seedling stage.

Background: Low temperature (LT) often occurs at the seedling stage in the early rice-growing season, especially for direct seeded early-season indica rice, and using flooding irrigation can mitigate LT damage in rice seedlings. The molecular mechanism by which flooding mitigates the damage induced by LT stress has not been fully elucidated. Thus, LT stress at 8 °C, LT accompanied by flooding (LTF) and CK (control) treatments were established for 3 days to determine the transcriptomic, proteomic and physiological response in direct seeded rice seedlings at the seedling stage.

Water irrigation management affects starch structure and physicochemical properties of indica rice with different grain quality.

The effects of water irrigation management including conventional irrigation (CK), constant flooding irrigation (CFI) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) on starch structure and physicochemical properties of two indica rice cultivars with good- and poor-quality were evaluated in the field condition with two years. The results showed that AWD could significantly increase peak viscosity, breakdown and gelatinization temperature, decreased setback and gelatinization enthalpy in two indica rice cultivars. However, starch granule size and amylopectin chain length distribution were differed the trends in the rice cultivars and treatments.

Effects of experimental warming on physicochemical properties of indica rice starch in a double rice cropping system.

To evaluate the actual response of rice starch physicochemical properties to climate warming, a field warming experiment was conducted with four indica rice cultivars using free-air temperature increase (FATI) facility in a double rice cropping system. FATI facility increased rice canopy temperature by 1.4-2.

AtDPG1 is involved in the salt stress response of Arabidopsis seedling through ABI4.

Although the genes controlling chloroplast development play important roles in plant responses to environmental stresses, the molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, an Arabidopsis mutant dpg1 (delayed pale-greening1) with a chloroplast development defect was studied. By using quantitative RT-PCR and histochemical GUS assays, we demonstrated that AtDPG1 was mainly expressed in the green tissues of Arabidopsis seedlings and could be induced by salt stress.