NRH, a potent NAD enhancer, improves glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese mice though an active adenosine kinase pathway.

Aims: NAD deficiency underlies obesity-induced metabolic disturbances. This study evaluated dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH), a potent NAD enhancer, in lean and obese mice and explored whether NRH operates through a unique mechanism involving adenosine kinase (ADK), an enzyme critical for NRH-driven NAD synthesis.

Methods: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses were performed following a single 250 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of NRH in healthy mice.

A comprehensive RNA virome identified in the oyster Magallana gigas reveals the intricate network of virus sharing between seawater and mollusks.

Background: As a globally farmed oyster species, Magallana gigas has garnered significant attention due to the contaminated RNA viruses that have caused illness in humans. However, limited knowledge is available on the bioaccumulation status and overall diversity of RNA virome in the M. gigas digestive tissues (DTs).

Rabeprazole inhibits lung cancer progression by triggering NLRP3/CASP-1/caspase-dependent pyroptosis.

Background: Gastric acid-related diseases could be treated using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which have been found to have anti-tumor ability. Rabeprazole is a type of PPI whose effect and mechanism in lung cancer remained to be clarified.

Methods: Lung cancer cells and lung cancer mice were treated with different concentrations of Rabeprazole and then cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 and colony formation assays.

CD47 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with tumor-associated macrophage infiltration.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a high incidence, with most patients diagnosed beyond the optimal surgical window. Improving survival rates is critical to reducing lung cancer mortality, and identifying immune checkpoints is vital for prognosis stratification.

Objective: To investigate the expression of CD47 in NSCLC and its relationship with tumor-associated macrophage infiltration.

Gut Microbiota: A Modulator and Therapeutic Target for Chronic Pain.

Chronic pain is a prevalent condition, impacting nearly one-fifth of the global population. Despite the availability of various clinical treatments, each comes with inherent limitations, and few offer a complete cure, resulting in a significant social and economic burden. Therefore, it is important to determine the pathogenesis and causes of chronic pain.

Effect of hypoxia-induced mIL15 expression on expansion and memory progenitor stem-like TILs .

Introduction: The adoptive cell transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has proven clinically beneficial in patients with non-small cell lung cancer refractory to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, which has prompted interest in TIL-adoptive cell transfer. The transgenic expression of IL15 can promote the expansion, survival, and function of T cells and and enhance their anti-tumor activity. The effect of expressing mIL15 regulated by hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment on the expansion, survival, and stem-like properties of TILs has not been explored.

Transcriptome profiling of triploid Crassostrea gigas gills indicates the host immune mechanism against bacterial infection.

As an important member of global aquaculture, oysters (Crassostrea gigas) have significant economic value. With the development of commercial aquaculture, the frequent occurrence of diseases caused by Vibrio alginolyticus has become a hindrance to high-density aquaculture. Gill tissue, as an important component of immune system of the oysters, plays the key point in the face of invasion by foreign substances.

Conversion therapy with chemoimmunotherapy induced pCR in a stage IV lung squamous cell carcinoma patient harboring exon 20 insertion.

This case study details an innovative conversion therapy strategy in a 58-year-old Asian male with baseline stage cTNM advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) harboring a rare exon 20 insertion mutation with concurrent high PD-L1 expression who achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) after preoperative immunotherapy plus chemotherapy. The patient initially presented with coughing and bloody sputum and was comprehensively diagnosed via PET/CT scanning, bronchoscopic biopsy and next-generation sequencing. After four cycles of platinum‒paclitaxel chemotherapy plus immunotherapy with pembrolizumab (a PD-1 blockade), significant primary tumor shrinkage and the disappearance of oligometastasis in the right adrenal gland were discovered via CT scans.

Discovery and characterization of complete genomes of 38 head-tailed proviruses in four predominant phyla of archaea.

Archaea play a significant role in natural ecosystems and the human body. Archaeal viruses exert a considerable influence on the structure and composition of archaeal communities and their associated ecological environments. The present study revealed the complete genomes of 38 archaeal head-tailed proviruses through comprehensive data mining.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the immune response mechanism of golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta) larvae exposed to ink.

The golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta), a significant cephalopod in the Yellow and Bohai Seas of China, is highly esteemed for its exceptional medicinal and commercial value. The natural resources of the S. esculenta are currently facing depletion due to the ongoing environmental degradation and overfishing.

PDGFRB promotes dedifferentiation and pulmonary metastasis through rearrangement of cytoskeleton under hypoxic microenvironment in osteosarcoma.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) cells commonly suffer from hypoxia and dedifferentiation, resulting in poor prognosis. We plan to identify the role of hypoxia on dedifferentiation and the associated cellular signaling.

Methods: We performed sphere formation assays and determined spheroid cells as dedifferentiated cells by detecting stem cell-like markers.

YAP Signaling in Glia: Pivotal Roles in Neurological Development, Regeneration and Diseases.

Yes-associated protein (YAP), the key transcriptional co-factor and downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, has emerged as one of the primary regulators of neural as well as glial cells. It has been detected in various glial cell types, including Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells in the peripheral nervous system, as well as radial glial cells, ependymal cells, Bergmann glia, retinal Müller cells, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in the central nervous system. With the development of neuroscience, understanding the functions of YAP in the physiological or pathological processes of glia is advancing.

Halogen-Dependent Circular Dichroism and Magneto-Photoluminescence Effects in Chiral 2D Lead Halide Perovskites.

Chiral lead halide perovskites (chiral LHPs) have emerged as one of the best candidates for opto-spintronics due to their large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and unique chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) even in the absence of a magnetic field. Here, we report the impact of halide composition on circular dichroism (CD) and magneto-photoluminescence (PL) effects of chiral 2D LHPs (/-MBA)PbBrI (MBA = CHCH(CH)NH). By tuning the mixing ratio of Br/I halide anions, we find that (/-MBA)PbBrI thin films exhibit tunable and wide wavelength range CD signals.

Neural Influences on Tumor Progression Within the Central Nervous System.

For decades, researchers have studied how brain tumors, the immune system, and drugs interact. With the advances in cancer neuroscience, which centers on defining and therapeutically targeting nervous system-cancer interactions, both within the local tumor microenvironment (TME) and on a systemic level, the subtle relationship between neurons and tumors in the central nervous system (CNS) has been deeply studied. Neurons, as the executors of brain functional activities, have been shown to significantly influence the emergence and development of brain tumors, including both primary and metastatic tumors.

The Spatiotemporal Variation and Ecological Evaluation of Macroinvertebrate Functional Feeding Groups in the Upper Yellow River.

Against the backdrop of hydropower development in the upper Yellow River, comprehending the spatiotemporal variation and ecological evaluation of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups (FFGs) is paramount for the conservation and restoration of aquatic biological resources in watersheds. Detailed surveys of macroinvertebrates were conducted in the gorge and plain areas of the upper Yellow River in July 2022 and March, May, and October 2023, culminating in the identification of 65 taxonomic units (genus or species) spanning 4 phyla, 14 orders, and 35 families. Of these, 41 taxonomic units were discovered in the gorge areas and 57 in the plain areas.

Omiganan-Based Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides for the Healthcare of Infectious Endophthalmitis.

Bacterial endophthalmitis is a severe infection of the aqueous or vitreous humor of the eye that can lead to permanent vision loss. Due to the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance and dose-limiting toxicities, the standard treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis via the intravitreal injection of broad-spectrum antibiotics remains inadequate. Membrane active cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a promising class of effective and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents with potential to overcome antibiotic resistance.

Broadband CaMgZrGeO:Cr garnet phosphor for high-performance NIR pc-LED application.

The near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light-emitting diode (pc-LED) is heavily reliant upon the performance of NIR phosphors. However, the current NIR pc-LEDs suffer from low photoelectric efficiency and insufficient near-infrared output power. In this study, Cr-doped CaMgZrGeO phosphors leading to high-performance NIR pc-LEDs were developed for the first time.

Supernormal Temperature Sensing Performance Realized through the Blue Emitting Level of Er along with Detection Ability in Deep Tissues.

Fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR)-type optical thermometers based on thermally coupled energy levels (TCLs) of rare earth ions are suitable candidates for noncontact temperature detection in living organisms, microelectronics apparatus, and so forth. Therefore, the improvement of the thermometric sensitivity of TCL-based thermometers has become a research hotspot in recent years. Herein, ultrahigh sensitivity and outstanding resolution for temperature sensing have been realized in YNbO: Yb/Er.

Solanesol Ameliorates Anxiety-like Behaviors via the Downregulation of Cingulate T Cell-Restricted Intracellular Antigen-1 in a Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Mouse Model.

Anxiety disorder is a universal disease related to neuro-inflammation. Solanesol has shown positive effects because of its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-ulcer properties. This study focused on determining whether solanesol could ameliorate anxiety-like behaviors in a mouse model of neuro-inflammation and identify its working targets.

Feeding Behavior, Gut Microbiota, and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Individual Growth Differences in the Sea Urchin .

Growth differentiation among farmed sea urchins () poses a significant challenge to aquaculture, with there being a limited understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, sea urchins with varying growth rates, reared under identical conditions, were analyzed for feeding behavior, gut microbiota, and transcriptomes. Large-sized sea urchins demonstrated significantly higher feeding ability and longer duration than smaller ones.

Bisphenol A Disrupts Ribosome Function during Ovarian Development of Mice.

This study examines the impact of Bisphenol A (BPA), a prevalent environmental estrogenic toxicant, on the ovarian development of mice. Mice were exposed to varying BPA doses from in utero to postnatal stages, up to weaning (day 21, PND 21) and puberty (day 45, PND 45). The BPA content in the serum of the offspring mice on PND 45 was higher than that of the mice sacrificed at PND 21.

SMARCA4 mutations and expression in lung adenocarcinoma: prognostic significance and impact on the immunotherapy response.

The switch/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) complex family includes important chromatin-remodeling factors that are frequently mutated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the role of one family member, SMARCA4, in LUAD prognosis and immunotherapy sensitivity remains unclear. In the present study, 6745 LUAD samples from the cBioPortal database were used to analyze the relationships between SMARCA4 mutations and patient prognoses and clinical characteristics.