Intranasal insulin administration affecting perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction by regulating calcium transport protein complex IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 on MAMs.

Unlabelled: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are common complications following surgery and anesthesia, especially in the elderly. These disorders are associated with disruptions in neuronal energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. This study explores the potential of intranasal insulin administration as a therapeutic strategy to prevent PND by targeting the calcium transport protein complex IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1 on mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs).

Anomalous Thermal Transport in Compressed Carbon Phases.

Carbon materials display intriguing physical properties, including superconductivity and highly anisotropic thermal conductivity found in graphene. Compressive strain can induce structural and bonding transitions in carbon materials and create new carbon phases, but their interplay with thermal conductivity remains largely unexplored. We investigated the in situ high-pressure thermal conductivity of compressed graphitic phases using picosecond transient thermoreflectance and first-principles calculations.

The protective effect of Amitriptyline on experimental colitis through inhibiting TLR4/MD2 signaling pathway.

Amitriptyline, a pleiotropic tricyclic antidepressant, possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite its diverse benefits, the specific effects of amitriptyline on IBD are not yet well defined. To explore this, we utilized a DSS-induced colitis model to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of amitriptyline and the underlying mechanisms by which it operates.

Wave Optical Modeling of the SEM Column From Source to Specimen.

Probe formation in scanning electron microscope (SEM) is often reduced to objective lens action modeling based on a point-spread function or Fourier transforms. In this study, we present the first complete wave optical modeling of the whole SEM column based on plane-by-plane propagation of the electron beam wavefunction without simplifying the optical system. We identify the challenges in plane-by-plane beam propagation and show how sampling limitations produce aliased results.

Washed microbiota transplantation combined with biological agents promotes histological remission in refractory severe ulcerative colitis with recurrent intestinal infection: A case report.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific colitis disease. In recent years, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), including improved washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), and biological agents have helped improve the prognosis of patients with UC. However, a significant number of patients with moderate to severe UC do not get relief from glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and TNF-α antagonists.

FOXO1 induced fatty acid oxidation in hepatic cells by targeting ALDH1L2.

Background And Aim: Lipid metabolism disorder is the primary feature of numerous refractory chronic diseases. Fatty acid oxidation, an essential aerobic biological process, is closely related to the progression of NAFLD. The forkhead transcription factor FOXO1 has been reported to play an important role in lipid metabolism.

Antiferromagnetic magnonic charge current generation via ultrafast optical excitation.

Néel spin-orbit torque allows a charge current pulse to efficiently manipulate the Néel vector in antiferromagnets, which offers a unique opportunity for ultrahigh density information storage with high speed. However, the reciprocal process of Néel spin-orbit torque, the generation of ultrafast charge current in antiferromagnets has not been demonstrated. Here, we show the experimental observation of charge current generation in antiferromagnetic metallic MnAu thin films using ultrafast optical excitation.

Dynamic changes of Bacterial Microbiomes in Oropharynx during Infection and Recovery of COVID-19 Omicron Variant.

Oropharyngeal microbiomes play a significant role in the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, yet the role of these microbiomes play for the development of COVID-19 Omicron variant have not been reported. A total of 791 pharyngeal swab samples were prospectively included in this study, including 297 confirmed cases of Omicron variant (CCO), 222 confirmed case of Omicron who recovered (CCOR), 73 confirmed cases of original strain (CCOS) and 199 healthy controls (HC). All samples completed MiSeq sequencing.

Electrical 180° switching of Néel vector in spin-splitting antiferromagnet.

Antiferromagnetic spintronics have attracted wide attention due to its great potential in constructing ultradense and ultrafast antiferromagnetic memory that suits modern high-performance information technology. The electrical 180° switching of Néel vector is a long-term goal for developing electrical-controllable antiferromagnetic memory with opposite Néel vectors as binary "0" and "1." However, the state-of-art antiferromagnetic switching mechanisms have long been limited for 90° or 120° switching of Néel vector, which unavoidably require multiple writing channels that contradict ultradense integration.

LiAlO-Assisted Low-Temperature Sintering of Dense LiLaZrO Solid Electrolyte with High Critical Current Density.

In recent years, solid electrolytes (SEs) have been developed a lot due to the superior safety of solid-state batteries (SSBs) upon liquid electrolyte-based commercial batteries. Among them, garnet-type LiLaZrO (LLZO) is one of the few SEs that is stable to lithium anode with high Li conductivity and the feasibility of preparation under ambient air, which makes it a promising candidate for fabricating SSBs. However, high sintering temperature (>1200 °C) prevents its large-scale production, further hindering its application.

The efficacy and safety of fexuprazan in treating erosive esophagitis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study.

Background And Aim: Fexuprazan is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB). This study aimed to explore the noninferior efficacy and safety of fexuprazan to esomeprazole in treating erosive esophagitis (EE).

Methods: This was a phase III, randomized, double-blind multicenter study.

Integrating bioinformatics and experimental validation to unveil disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs as prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a prevalent malignancy globally, characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. Despite continuous advancements in the treatment of HCC, the prognosis of patients with this cancer remains unsatisfactory. This study aims at constructing a disulfidoptosis‑related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature to probe the prognosis and personalized treatment of patients with HCC.

Spin-torque-driven antiferromagnetic resonance.

The intrinsic fast dynamics make antiferromagnetic spintronics a promising avenue for faster data processing. Ultrafast antiferromagnetic resonance-generated spin current provides valuable access to antiferromagnetic spin dynamics. However, the inverse effect, spin-torque-driven antiferromagnetic resonance (ST-AFMR), which is attractive for practical utilization of fast devices but seriously impeded by difficulties in controlling and detecting Néel vectors, remains elusive.

Clinical Benefit of Avapritinib in KIT-Mutant Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Phase I NAVIGATOR and Phase I/II CS3007-001 Studies.

Purpose: The efficacy of the selective KIT/PDGFRA inhibitor avapritinib (300 mg once daily) was explored in patients with non-PDGFRA-mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) from the phase I NAVIGATOR and phase I/II CS3007-001 trials.

Patients And Methods: Adults with unresectable/metastatic, KIT-only-mutant GISTs and progression following ≥1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were included in this post hoc analysis. Baseline mutational status was identified in tumor and plasma.

Mitochondrial Lipid Metabolism Genes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Indicators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Due to the heterogeneity of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there is an urgent need for reliable diagnosis and prognosis. Mitochondria-mediated abnormal lipid metabolism affects the occurrence and progression of HCC.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential of mitochondrial lipid metabolism (MTLM) genes as diagnostic and independent prognostic biomarkers for HCC.

CT features combined with RECIST 1.1 criteria improve progression assessments of sunitinib-treated gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Objectives: To explore the auxiliary value of combining CT features with existing response evaluation criteria in the prediction of progressive disease (PD) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) patients treated with sunitinib.

Material And Methods: Eighty-one patients with GISTs who received sunitinib were included in this retrospective multicenter study and divided into training and external validation cohorts. Progression at six months was determined as a reference standard.

Rapamycin extenuates experimental colitis by modulating the gut microbiota.

Background And Aim: Autophagy and gut microbiota correlates closely with the inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, we aimed to study the roles of rapamycin on the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods: Acute colitis was induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid solution in mice.

Two-photon imaging reveals histopathological changes in the gastric tumor microenvironment induced by neoadjuvant treatment.

There is a close association between tumor response and survival in gastric cancer patients after receiving neoadjuvant treatment. An accurate and rapid assessment of therapeutic efficacy would be helpful for subsequent treatments and individual prognosis. At present, pathological examination is the gold standard for evaluating treatment response, however, it requires additional staining and the process is tedious, labor-intensive, as well as time-consuming.

Mdivi1 ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting JNK/MFF signaling.

Background And Aims: Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 (Mdivi1) is a potential inhibitor of dynamin-related protein (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission. However, the therapeutic effect of Mdivi1 against NASH and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear.

Hepatobiliary and pancreatic: Multi-donor fecal microbiota transplantation attenuated high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice by remodeling the gut microbiota.

Background And Aims: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can improve the symptoms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by restoring the gut microbiota. This study was aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of single-donor (SD) or multi-donor (MD) FMT in a mouse model of hepatic steatosis and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected from NAFLD patients and healthy controls with similar baseline characteristics, with gut microbiota analyzed.

Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida-Type Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in Synthetic Magnets.

Conduction electron spins interacting with magnetic impurity spins can mediate an interlayer exchange interaction, namely, the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction. This discovery opened the way to significant technological developments in the field of magnetic storage and spintronics. So far, the RKKY-type interlayer interaction has been found to construct symmetric coupling of magnetism; however, the asymmetric counterpart remains unexplored.

Erratum: Long-Distance Coherent Propagation of High-Velocity Antiferromagnetic Spin Waves [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 096701 (2023)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.

Regulation of epithelial cell differentiation by the Ubiquitous expressed transcript isoform 1 in ulcerative colitis.

Background And Aim: Mucosal healing has emerged as a desirable treatment goal for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Healing of mucosal wounds involves epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, and Y-box transcription factor ZONAB has recently been identified as the key modulator of intestinal epithelial restitution.

Methods: We studied the characteristics of UXT-V1 expression in UC patients using immunohistochemistry and qPCR.