Effect of roxadustat on red blood cell lifespan in patients with long-term haemodialysis: a single-centre, prospective, single-arm study.

Background: Reduced survival of red blood cells (RBCs) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is thought to contribute to renal anaemia. Although renal anaemia improved greatly because of the wide use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and the advancement of dialysis techniques, RBC longevity seems not to be obviously ameliorated.

Methods: In this single-centre, single-arm trial, patients who had been undergoing haemodialysis and ESA therapy with epoetin alfa for at least 12 weeks changed their anti-anaemia drugs from epoetin alfa to oral roxadustat three times per week for 24 weeks.

Structural and biochemical characterization of the key components of an auxin degradation operon from the rhizosphere bacterium Variovorax.

Plant-associated bacteria play important regulatory roles in modulating plant hormone auxin levels, affecting the growth and yields of crops. A conserved auxin degradation (iad) operon was recently identified in the Variovorax genomes, which is responsible for root growth inhibition (RGI) reversion, promoting rhizosphere colonization and root growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying auxin degradation by Variovorax remains unclear.

Insights into the GSDMB-mediated cellular lysis and its targeting by IpaH7.8.

The multifunctional GSDMB protein is an important molecule in human immunity. The pyroptotic and bactericidal activity of GSDMB is a host response to infection by the bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri, which employs the virulence effector IpaH7.8 to ubiquitinate and target GSDMB for proteasome-dependent degradation.

Red Blood Cell Lifespan < 74 Days Can Clinically Reduce Hb1Ac Levels in Type 2 Diabetes.

Variations in the red blood cell (RBC) lifespan can affect glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test values, but there is still a lack of evidence regarding how and to what degree the RBC lifespan influences HbA1c in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) population owing to the restriction of traditional RBC lifespan detection means. In this study, we monitored 464 T2DM patients and 231 healthy control finger blood glucose levels at seven time points for three consecutive months. The HbA1c levels were assessed at the end of the third month as well as the RBC lifespan was measured through the CO breath test.

A C-terminal glutamine recognition mechanism revealed by E3 ligase TRIM7 structures.

The E3 ligase TRIM7 has emerged as a critical player in viral infection and pathogenesis. However, the mechanism governing the TRIM7-substrate association remains to be defined. Here we report the crystal structures of TRIM7 in complex with 2C peptides of human enterovirus.

High-Photoresponsivity Self-Powered -, ε-, and β-GaO/p-GaN Heterojunction UV Photodetectors with an GaON Layer by MOCVD.

In this paper, self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors with high response performance based on GaO/p-GaN were fabricated by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The effects of different crystal phases of GaO (including , ε, ε/β, and β) grown on p-GaN films on the performance of photodetectors were systematically studied. Moreover, an GaON dielectric layer improved the responsivity of GaO/p-GaN photodetectors by 20 times.

Intranasal budesonide for rhinitis during a high airborne pollution period: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Air pollution may induce or reinforce nasal inflammation regardless of allergy status. There is limited direct clinical evidence informing the treatment of airborne pollution-related rhinitis.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of intranasal budesonide in adults with self-reported rhinitis symptoms triggered/worsened by airborne pollution.

Levitt's CO breath test in the differential diagnosis of chronic isolated hyperbilirubinemia.

A key component of the differential diagnosis of isolated hyperbilirubinemia (HB) is distinguishing between hemolytic and non-hemolytic types. Routine hemolysis screening markers have unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Erythrocyte (RBC) lifespan shortening, the gold standard marker of hemolysis, is seldomly measured due to the cumbersome and protracted nature of standard methods.

Inhibition mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9 by AcrIIA17 and AcrIIA18.

Mobile genetic elements such as phages and plasmids have evolved anti-CRISPR proteins (Acrs) to suppress CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems. Recently, several phage and non-phage derived Acrs including AcrIIA17 and AcrIIA18 have been reported to inhibit Cas9 through modulation of sgRNA. Here, we show that AcrIIA17 and AcrIIA18 inactivate Cas9 through distinct mechanisms.

Hemodiafiltration improves red blood cell lifespan in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Introduction: Uremic toxin-induced shortening of red blood cell (RBC) lifespan is an important mechanism of anemia in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Conventional hemodialysis does not improve RBC lifespan; the efficacy of hemodiafiltration (HDF) for alleviating RBC lifespan has not yet been evaluated in patients with ESRD.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with ESRD in maintenance hemodialysis were enrolled.

Comparison of Levitt's CO breath test and the N-glycine labeling technique for measuring the lifespan of human red blood cells.

The red blood cell (RBC) lifespan is an important physiological indicator of clear significance in clinical research, used for the differential diagnosis of various diseases such as anemia, compensatory phase hemolysis, and polycythemia. The N-glycine labeling technique is the gold standard method for determining RBC lifespans. However, the usefulness of this technique in clinical settings is seriously hindered by the several weeks required to complete the analyses.

Possible two-photon absorption in the near-infrared region observed by cavity ring-down spectroscopy.

Two-photon absorption spectra are difficult to observe using direct absorption spectroscopy especially in the near-infrared region. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy is a promising absorption spectroscopy technique which has been widely applied to linear and saturated single-photon absorption spectra. In the present study, we report the observation of a possible two-photon absorption in the near-infrared using cavity ring-down spectroscopy, namely a two-photon resonance of methane.

Fructan from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl media.

An effective and biodegradable polygonatum fructan (PF) from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua was studied as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel protection in 1 M HCl, whose inhibition performance was studied by weight loss tests, electrochemical techniques, and surface analysis techniques (SECM, FTIR). The experimental results showed that PF has outstanding inhibition performance for mild steel in hydrochloric acid, and the inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of its concentration and temperature. Polarization studies indicated that PF is a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor, and its adsorption mode conforms to Langmuir isotherm, mainly chemisorption.

A pilot study: effect of erythrocyte lifespan determined by a modified carbon monoxide breath test on glycosylated hemoglobin interpretation.

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an important criterion for the diagnosis of diabetes and an indicator of the blood glucose level. The red blood cell (RBC) lifespan heterogeneity is sufficient to influence the HbA1c interpretation. In this study, we recruited 120 patients with diabetes mellitus and 85 nondiabetic controls.

Carbon monoxide breath test assessment of mild hemolysis in Gilbert's syndrome.

Background: Mild hemolysis is difficult to determinate by traditional methods, and its role in Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is unclear. The main aims were to inspect the erythrocyte (RBC) survival in GS by using Levitt's carbon monoxide (CO) breath test and to assess its contribution to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

Methods: Fifty subjects with GS and 1 with type-II Crigler-Najjar syndrome (CN2) received RBC lifespan measurement with Levitt's CO breath test.

Dosage effect of multiple genes accounts for multisystem disorder of myotonic dystrophy type 1.

Multisystem manifestations in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) may be due to dosage reduction in multiple genes induced by aberrant expansion of CTG repeats in DMPK, including DMPK, its neighboring genes (SIX5 or DMWD) and downstream MBNL1. However, direct evidence is lacking. Here, we develop a new strategy to generate mice carrying multigene heterozygous mutations to mimic dosage reduction in one step by injection of haploid embryonic stem cells with mutant Dmpk, Six5 and Mbnl1 into oocytes.

Red Blood Cell Lifespan Shortening in Patients with Early-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Although reduced red blood cell (RBC) lifespan has been reported to be a contributory factor to anemia in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), there are limited data regarding RBC lifespan in early-stage CKD. Serum erythropoietin (EPO) is considered a primary causative factor of renal anemia. The aims of this study were to compare the RBC lifespan, serum EPO levels, and other renal anemia indicators across CKD-stage groups of patients and to analyze the impacts of etiological factors on renal anemia.

Effect of Hemodialysis on the Red Blood Cell Life Span in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease.

The aim of this study was to use a CO breath test to investigate hemodialysis effects on red blood cell lifespan in patients with chronic kidney disease. A cohort of 17 non-smoking men with end-stage kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis via a polysulfone dialysis membrane (as opposed to a traditional cellulose acetate membrane) were subjected to a repeated Levitt's CO breath test to compare red blood cell lifespan before vs. after dialysis.

Rapid CO breath test screening of drugs for protective effects on ribavirin-induced hemolysis in a rabbit model: a pilot study.

Hemolytic anemia is a major side effect of ribavirin antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Ribavirin dose reduction may compromise the antiviral response and erythropoietin can take several weeks to alleviate anemia. The purpose of the present study was to screen potentially protective drugs against ribavirin-induced hemolytic anemia in a rabbit model, using our modified CO breath test for measuring erythrocyte (RBC) lifespan, the gold standard diagnostic index of hemolysis.

A Modified Carbon Monoxide Breath Test for Measuring Erythrocyte Lifespan in Small Animals.

This study was to develop a CO breath test for RBC lifespan estimation of small animals. The ribavirin induced hemolysis rabbit models were placed individually in a closed rebreath cage and air samples were collected for measurement of CO concentration. RBC lifespan was calculated from accumulated CO, blood volume, and hemoglobin concentration data.

Dietary exposure of acrylamide from the fifth Chinese Total Diet Study.

The levels of acrylamide in 240 food composite samples from the 5th Chinese Total Diet Study (TDS) were measured using an LC-MS/MS method and the exposure estimates for the general population were evaluated. The samples were collected from 20 provinces in China, covering about two thirds of the Chinese population. Acrylamide was detected in 40.

[Simultaneous determination of 20 illegally added anti-diabetic chemical components in hypoglycemic and weight-reducing health foods by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

A rapid method for the simultaneous screening and detection of 20 illegally added anti-diabetic chemical components in hypoglycemic and weight-reducing health foods was developed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). After extracted by methanol, the sample was separated on a Poroshell 120 EC C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 2.

[Determination of 34 pesticide residues in rice, proso millet and wheat with QuEChERS-on line gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].

A method for the simultaneous determination of 34 pesticides in rice, proso millet and wheat by QuEChERS coupled with on line gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GPC-GC-MS) was developed. The effects of the sample weight, extraction solvent, sorbent for purification were investigated. The matrix effect and the usefulness of analyte protectant were also studied.