Microbial Biotransformation of 1-Methyl-L-tryptophan into Herbicidal Indole Alkaloids by Endophytic Fungus GGY-3.

Indole alkaloids are privileged secondary metabolites, and their production may be achieved by the microbial biotransformation of tryptophan analogues. By feeding 1-methyl-L-tryptophan (1-MT) into the culture of endophytic GGY-3, six novel (-) and seven known indole alkaloids (-) were generated. Their structures were elucidated by means of NMR spectroscopy, experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and X-ray crystallography analysis.

Carbon-Dots-Mediated Improvement of Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products.

The development of new microbicidal compounds has become a top priority due to the emergence and spread of drug-resistant pathogenic microbes. In this study, blue-emitting and positively charged carbon dots (CDs), called Du-CDs, were fabricated for the first time utilizing the natural product extract of endophyte YSP3 as raw material through a one-step solvothermal method, which possessed varied functional groups including amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, and sulfite groups. Interestingly, Du-CDs exhibited notably enhanced antimicrobial activities toward both bacteria and fungi as compared to the natural product extract of YSP3, with low minimum inhibitory concentrations.

Molecular Mechanism of Fusarium Fungus Inhibition by Phenazine-1-carboxamide.

Fusarium head blight caused by is a devastating disease in wheat that seriously endangers food security and human health. Previous studies have found that the secondary metabolite phenazine-1-carboxamide produced by biocontrol bacteria inhibited by binding to and inhibiting the activity of histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 (FgGcn5). However, the detailed mechanism of this inhibition remains unknown.

Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Evaluation of Diverse Heterocyclic Hydrazide Derivatives as Potential Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors.

Plant pathogenic fungi pose a significant threat to agricultural production, necessitating the development of new and more effective fungicides. The ring replacement strategy has emerged as a highly successful approach in molecular design. In this study, we employed the ring replacement strategy to successfully design and synthesize 32 novel hydrazide derivatives containing diverse heterocycles, such as thiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, thiadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, thiophene, pyridine, and pyrazine.

Targeting Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoErs1 and host papain-like protease OsRD21 interaction to combat rice blast.

Effector proteins secreted by plant pathogenic fungi are important artilleries against host immunity, but there is no precedent of such effectors being explored as antifungal targets. Here we demonstrate that MoErs1, a species-specific effector protein secreted by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, inhibits the function of rice papain-like cysteine protease OsRD21 involved in rice immunity. Disrupting MoErs1-OsRD21 interaction effectively controls rice blast.

Design and Synthesis of Novel Diphenyl Ether Carboxamide Derivatives To Control the Phytopathogenic Fungus .

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by the phytopathogenic fungus has led to serious losses in the yields of oilseed rape and other crops every year. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of carboxamide derivatives containing a diphenyl ether skeleton by adopting the scaffold splicing strategy. From the results of the mycelium growth inhibition experiment, inhibition rates of compounds and showed more than 80% to control at a dose of 50 μg/mL, which is close to that of the positive control (flubeneteram, 95%).

Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Activity of -(alkoxy)-Diphenyl Ether Carboxamide Derivates as Novel Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors.

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.3.5.

Development and characterization of anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody Fab fragment for blocking IL-5/IL-5Rα binding.

Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is a homodimeric cytokine that is a crucial regulator of the proliferation, activation, and maturation of eosinophils. Anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibodies, which block the binding of IL-5 to the IL-5 receptor subunit alpha (IL-5Rα), have been successfully used to treat eosinophilic (EOS) asthma. The currently marketed monoclonal antibody drugs require repeated injections for administration, which seriously affect patient compliance and high systemic exposure for injectable drug delivery.

Association of working hours and cumulative fatigue among Chinese primary health care professionals.

Introduction: The association between long working hours and cumulative fatigue is widely acknowledged in the literature. However, there are few studies on the mediating effect of working hours on cumulative fatigue using occupational stress as a mediating variable. The present study aimed at investigating the mediating role of occupational stress in the relationship between working hours and cumulative fatigue in a sample of 1,327 primary health care professionals.

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Tea Leaves Using Magnetic Approach.

A rapid and efficient method using an alkyl-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles-based extraction technique combined with Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography was developed for the detection of trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tea leaves. As a popular coating for chromatographic column packing materials, C-alkyl has been demonstrated to be effective in separating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Additionally, the magnetism of the nanomaterials accelerates the extraction process while their high surface ratio enables desirable dispersity in the sample matrix.

Potential of natural flavonols and flavanones in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease generally characterized by chronic, persistent, recurrent, and non-specific ulcers of the intestine. Its main clinical manifestations include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools. This disease is difficult to cure and even carries the risk of canceration.

Chemical Investigation of Endophytic YSP3 Reveals New Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Agents.

Chemical investigation of the plant-derived endophytic fungus YSP3 led to the isolation of four new compounds (-), including two new xanthones (phomopthane A and B, and ), one new alternariol methyl ether derivative () and one α-pyrone derivative (phomopyrone B, ), together with eight known compounds (-). The structures of new compounds were interpreted on the basis of spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All new compounds were assessed for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential.

Genome Mining and Heterologous Expression Guided the Discovery of Antimicrobial Naphthocyclinones from CGMCC 4.1086.

A type II polyketide synthase biosynthetic gene cluster () was identified in CGMCC 4.1086 via genome mining. The heterologous expression of the cryptic gene cluster in J1074 generated dimerized aromatic polyketide naphthocyclinones (), whose structures were determined via extensive analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy.

Two new sesquiterpene derivatives, dendocarbin B and bisaborosaol C with antifungal activity from the endophytic fungus GGY-3.

Two novel sesquiterpene derivatives, dendocarbin B (), bisaborosaol C (), and nine known compounds (-), were isolated from GGY-3 derived from . The structures of new compounds were elucidated using HR-ESI-MS, 1 D and 2 D NMR spectra, X-ray diffraction analysis as well as ECD calculation and comparison. Compound showed moderate antifungal activities against and .

New metabolites from Streptomyces pseudovenezuelae NA07424 and their potential activity of inducing resistance in plants against Phytophthora capsici.

Background: The lack of novel fungicide and appearance of resistance are the most emergent problems in the control of Phytophthora diseases. Plant immunity elicitors that induce systemic resistance in plants are regarded as the new strategy for plant disease control. Streptomyces can produce a variety of bioactive natural products, which are important resources for lead compounds of plant immunity elicitors.

Potential of natural products in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a kind of functional bowel disease that is characterized by bellyache, abdominal distension, and diarrhea. Although not life-threatening, IBS has a long course and recurrent attacks and seriously affects the life quality of patients. Current drugs for treating IBS possess remarkable limitations, such as limited efficacy and severe adverse reactions.

Discovery of Tropolone Stipitaldehyde as a Potential Agent for Controlling Phytophthora Blight and Its Action Mechanism Research.

The fermentation of endophytic GGY-3 resulted in the isolation of tropolone stipitaldehyde (), which exhibited broad-spectrum inhibition activity against fungi and bacteria, especially against , with an EC value of 0.83 μg/mL and pv. , with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 4.

(+)- and (-)-trichodermatrione A: a pair of enantiomers with a cyclobutane-containing skeleton from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. EFT2.

(±)-trichodermatrione A, a pair of cyclobutane-containing enantiomers with an undescribed tricyclic 6/4/6 skeleton, was isolated from Trichoderma sp. EFT2, an endophytic fungus from Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.

An Activity-Based Sensing Fluorogenic Probe for Monitoring Ethylene in Living Cells and Plants.

Ethylene (ET) is an important gaseous plant hormone. It is highly desirable to develop fluorescent probes for monitoring ethylene in living cells. We report an efficient Rh -catalysed coupling of N-phenoxyacetamides to ethylene in the presence of an alcohol.

The Big Five Inventory-2 in China: A Comprehensive Psychometric Evaluation in Four Diverse Samples.

The Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) has received wide recognition since its publication because it strikes a good balance between content coverage and brevity. The current study translated the BFI-2 into Chinese, evaluated its psychometric properties in four diverse Chinese samples (college students, adult employees, adults treated for substance use, and adolescents), and compared its factor structure with those obtained from two U.S.

Antifungal Activity of Chaetoviridin A from CEF-082 Metabolites Against in Cotton.

Cotton Verticillium wilt (CVW) is a severe soilborne disease caused by the pathogen , and it has a great impact on cotton production. Previous studies found that the biocontrol agent CEF-082 and its metabolic filtrate could reduce the incidence of CVW; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The metabolic crude extract of CEF-082 increased the sensitivity of .

Eremophilane Sesquiterpenes and Benzene Derivatives from the Endophyte Microdiplodia sp. WGHS5.

Three new eremophilane sesquiterpenes phomadecalins G-I (1-3) and two new benzene derivatives microdiplzenes A and B (12 and 13), together with nine known eremophilane sesquiterpenes (4-11 and 14) were isolated from an endophytic fungus, Microdiplodia sp. WGHS5. Their structures were elucidated by the interpretation of HR-ESI-MS and NMR data; meanwhile, the absolute configurations of new compounds were determined on the base of ECD calculations.