P2Y2 promotes fibroblasts activation and skeletal muscle fibrosis through AKT, ERK, and PKC.

Background: Skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis are pathological conditions that contribute to morbidity in numerous conditions including aging, cachexia, and denervation. Muscle atrophy is characterized as reduction of muscle fiber size and loss of muscle mass while muscle fibrosis is due to fibroblasts activation and excessive production of extracellular matrix. Purinergic receptor P2Y2 has been implicated in fibrosis.

Jervine exhibits anticancer effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma through promoting autophagic apoptosis via the blockage of Hedgehog signaling.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the superior mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx. However, effective therapies for NPC are still required. Reducing Hedgehog signaling pathway has been shown to suppress tumor growth.

A case of hidroacanthoma simplex.

We report a case of hidroacanthoma simplex with giant lesion that was found on the left lumbar part which was treated with surgical excision.