Unraveling the core microorganisms and metabolic pathways related to off-flavor compounds formation during -flavor fermentation.

Off-flavor is one of the most frequent and serious causes for the aroma deterioration in -flavor . However, the key compounds and their formation mechanism responsible for off-flavor are still unclear. This study identified 271 volatile compounds from 1 normal and 5 types of off-flavor fermented grains (putrid, rancidity, mud, musty, and burnt) by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The mechanism of microbial structure and flavor characteristics in --flavor regulated by different fermentation seasons.

The physicochemical characteristics of are crucial in regulating the metabolism of microbial communities and the flavor profile of Baijiu during the fermentation process. This study systematically monitored the physicochemical characteristics of --flavor Baijiu (QJFJ) and analyzed its microbial community structure and flavor compounds. Results indicated that dominant bacteria were significantly enriched in Summer- and Autumn- (Spring: Summer: Autumn: Winter = 1.

Identification of the chemical composition of distiller's grain polyphenols and their effects on the fecal microbial community structure.

Distiller grains are the main by-products of production and are usually discarded, ignoring their abundant functional phytochemicals. The free and bound polyphenols from distiller grains were extracted and their potential effect on modulating fecal microbiota was investigated using fecal fermentation. The results showed that 34 polyphenols were quantified from distiller grains.

Comparative characterization and contribution of key aroma compounds in the typical base liquor of -flavor from different distributions in the Chinese Chishui River basin.

The characteristic of typical base liquor is crucial in controlling ultimate quality of -flavor . This study investigates the flavor compounds of three typical base liquors (, , and ) by LLE/LLME/HS-SPME, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), sensory analysis, and odor activity value (OAV). Of the 201 main volatile compounds identified, 37 significant compounds distinguished the three typical base liquors.

Effect of free and bound polyphenols from Tratt distiller's grains on moderating fecal microbiota.

Tratt distiller's grains ( DGs), the main by-product of wine processing, showed functional value and potential for high-value usage which benefited from their rich polyphenols. In this study, the free and bound polyphenols from DGs were extracted and their potential effect on modulating fecal microbiota was investigated using fecal fermentation. The free polyphenols (26.

Millimeter-wave generation based on a monolithic dual-wavelength DFB laser with four phase-shifted sampled gratings and equivalent chirp technology.

A dual-wavelength DFB laser array based on four phase-shifted grating and equivalent chirp technology is first proposed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated. The dual-wavelength emitting is achieved by symmetrically introducing two π phase shifts into a chirped four phase-shifted sampled grating cavity. Meanwhile, the beating signal of the dual-wavelength output is stabilized by applying an electro-absorption modulator integrated at the rear of the cavity.

Thermal stability of levopimaric acid and its oxidation products.

Biofuels are renewable alternatives to fossil fuels. Levopimaric acid‒base biofuels have attracted increasing attention. However, their stability remains a critical issue in practice.

Metagenomic analyses reveal microbial communities and functional differences between Daqu from seven provinces.

Microbial communities perform the brewing function in Daqu. Macrogenomics and PICRUST II analyses revealed the differences in microbes and metabolic functions among Daqu from the seven Baijiu-producing provinces. Jiang-flavored Daqu (Guizhou, Shandong, and Hubei provinces) generally forms an aroma-producing functional microbiota with Kroppenstedtia, Bacillus, Thermoascus, Virgibacillus, and Thermomyces as the core, which promotes the metabolism of various amino acids and aroma compounds.

DFB laser array based on four phase-shifted sampled Bragg gratings with precise wavelength control.

A four-laser array based on sampled Bragg grating distributed feedback (DFB) lasers in which each sampled period contains four phase-shift sections is proposed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated. The wavelength spacing between adjacent lasers is accurately controlled to 0.8 nm ± 0.

Stepped-height ridge waveguide MQW polarization mode converter monolithically integrated with sidewall grating DFB laser.

We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of a 1555-nm stepped-height ridge waveguide polarization mode converter monolithically integrated with a sidewall grating distributed-feedback (DFB) laser using the identical epitaxial layer scheme. The device shows stable single longitudinal mode (SLM) operation with the output light converted from TE to TM polarization with an efficiency of >94% over a wide range of DFB injection currents (IDFB) from 140 mA to 190 mA. The highest TM mode purity of 98.

Study on the drunkenness of Chinese Baijiu with representative flavor based on behavioral characteristics.

The essential role of drunkenness on the healthy development of Chinese Baijiu was studied in this research. This study revealed the effects of Baijiu on the behaviors of mice and evaluated the degree of drunkenness of soy sauce-, strong-, light-, and light and soy sauce-flavored Baijiu. The parameters obtained from the open field test were transformed into the behavioral drunkenness index by mathematical statistical analysis and the drunkenness-associated key compounds of Baijiu were analyzed.

Exploring the impacts of traditional crafts on microbial community succession in Jiang-flavored Daqu.

The usage of traditional crafts during the fermentation process has a great influence on the quality of Jiang-flavored Daqu. This study focused on exploring the impacts of traditional crafts on Daqu microecology through high-throughput sequencing and statistical analyses. These results show that traditional crafts modulated microbial community succession through the regulation of temperature, moisture, and acidity.

Encapsulation of tartary buckwheat flavonoids and application to yoghurt.

The present work investigates the effect of tartary buckwheat flavonoid (TBF) capsules on the physical and chemical properties of yoghurt using polymeric whey protein (PWP) as a wall material. PWP was prepared by thermal polymerisation. TBF was encapsulated using PWP as the wall material via the pore-coagulation bath method.

Frequency comb with 100 GHz spacing generated by an asymmetric MQW passively mode-locked laser.

A L-band two-section AlGaInAs/InP asymmetric multiple quantum well (QW) passively mode-locked laser has been used to generate a frequency comb with a 100 GHz spacing at a central wavelength of 1610 nm. The comb contains 10 optical lines within a -3 bandwidth of 8.05 nm and 34 optical lines within a -20 bandwidth of 30 nm.

The development of alcohol policy in contemporary China.

Over recent years, an increase in alcohol-related problems has been noted in China. Taking effective measures against the problem requires clear reviewing and understanding of the evolution of the Chinese alcohol policy. This study is aimed to evaluate the alcohol policy with special focus on reviewing the alcohol production and consumption situation in China and assessing the changes in Chinese alcohol policy along with other related fields.

Two-dimensional periodic structure induced by single-beam femtosecond laser pulses irradiating titanium.

A novel two-dimensional (2-D) periodic structure on the ablated hole wall is formed by using the method of single-beam femtosecond laser pulses irradiating a titanium target. This 2-D structure on the ablated surface, after consecutive irradiation of 10000 pulses, presents different spatial periods which characters a 1500 nm period along the hole wall in the vertical direction and a 400 nm period in the azimuthal direction of the hole. The reported experimental results can be well interpreted by a prophetic theoretical model of Bonch-Bruevich (A.

[Effect of primary percutaneous coronary intervention on plasma B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with acute myocardial infarction].

Objective: To observe the effect of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on plasma B-type natriuretc peptide (BNP) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods: Thirty-eight patients with AMI were divided into two groups for PCI (n=26) and conventional treatment (n=12). The plasma BNP levels were measured by fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) in these patients immediately, 24 h, 7 d, and 30 days after admission, and the infarct-related coronary arteries (IRA) were treated only with emergency interventional therapy in PCI group.