Propagation formulas and foci transformation of autofocusing beams.

Autofocusing beams have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages in optical trapping, but their propagation behavior in complex optical systems is still unclear. Here, we obtain the analytical propagation formulas for autofocusing beams through optical systems described by ABCD matrices. Foci adjustment through a lens and oscillate behavior in a parabolic potential medium of the beams are discussed.

Correlation and polarization singularities of a radially polarized Gaussian Schell-model vortex beam propagating in oceanic turbulence.

The correlation and polarization singularities as the important parameters of a radially polarized Gaussian Schell-model vortex beam propagating in oceanic turbulence have been investigated in detail. On the one hand, the correlation singularity of the beam will first split, and then generate new correlation singularities, and finally vanish in pairs. The longer the propagating distance, the larger the rate of dissipation of mean-square temperature, and the lower initial correlation lengths reduce the stability of correlation singularities.

Varenicline solution nasal spray for dry eye disease in Chinese patients: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Background: Dry eye disease has a high prevalence and exerts a significant negative effect on quality of life. In China, there are currently no available nasal sprays to promote natural tear production in patients with dry eye disease. We therefore evaluated the efficacy and safety of OC-01 (varenicline solution) nasal spray versus vehicle in Chinese patients with dry eye disease.

Epstein-Barr virus-positive iris diffuse large B-cell lymphoma detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

Purpose: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a relatively rare subtype of DLBCL. Herein, we report a case of a patient with EBV-positive iris DLBCL after undergoing penetrating keratoplasty and discuss its possible pathogenesis.

Methods: A 72-year-old male patient presented to our hospital with progressive blurring of vision in the left eye for the past 4 months.

Propagation properties of a partially coherent electromagnetic hyperbolic-sine-Gaussian vortex beam through anisotropic atmospheric turbulence.

Using the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the Rytov approximation, the analytical formula for the propagation of a partially coherent electromagnetic hyperbolic-sine-Gaussian vortex beam (PCEShVB) in anisotropic atmospheric turbulence has been theoretically derived. Detailed studies have been conducted on the evolution characteristics of the average intensity, the degree of coherence (DOC), and the degree of polarization (DOP) of the beam in turbulence. The results show that during propagation, the intensity distribution of the beam will exhibit a spiral structure, and the overall distribution of the light spots will rotate in a direction related to the sign of the topological charge.

Single centre analysis of factors influencing surgical treatment of splenic trauma in children.

Objective: This study aims to investigate determinants impacting the surgical management of splenic trauma in paediatric patients by scrutinizing age distribution, etiological factors and concomitant injuries. The analysis seeks to establish a foundation for delineating optimal operative timing.

Methods: A cohort of 262 paediatric cases presenting with splenic trauma at our institution from January 2011 to December 2021 underwent categorization into either the conservative or operative group.

Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty-Treated Keratoconic Eyes With Descemet Membrane Rupture.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and compare it with penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in keratoconic eyes with Descemet membrane (DM) rupture.

Methods: In this comparative retrospective case series, 33 keratoconic eyes with a history of hydrops underwent DALK and 27 received PKP. Baseline and postoperative visual acuity, corneal astigmatism, mean keratometry, endothelial cell density, and complication rates were measured.

Effect of oceanic turbulence on the propagation behavior of a radially polarized Laguerre-Gaussian Schell-model vortex beam.

Optical wireless communications applications are restricted by oceanic media-induced beam quality degradation. However, modulating the coherence and polarization structures of the laser beams can effectively diminish the negative influence of oceanic turbulence on the beams. The average intensity of a radially polarized Laguerre-Gaussian Schell-model vortex (RPLGSMV) beam propagating through oceanic turbulence is explored by employing the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle.

Perfluorohexyloctane Eye Drops for Dry Eye Disease Associated With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Chinese Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease (DED). Medical and surgical management for DED is limited; therefore, new treatment options are sought.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SHR8058 (perfluorohexyloctane) eye drops in Chinese patients with DED associated with MGD through 57 days.

Vitrectomy with residual internal limiting membrane covering and autologous blood for a secondary macular hole: A case report.

Background: Myopic foveoschisis (MF) is a common complication of pathological myopia. A macular hole (MH) usually results from the natural progression of MF and is a common complication of vitrectomy. Vitrectomy combined with residual internal limiting membrane (ILM) covering and autologous blood was effective for closing a secondary MH.

Choroidal metastasis with retinal detachment: A case report.

Rationale: Breast carcinoma is the most common primary source of choroidal metastasis (CM). In the present case, esophageal cancer was the primary tumour, brain metastasis occurred, and CM occurred later in the left eye with 2 retinal detachments, which is very rare.

Patient Concerns: A 62-year-old man complained of a sudden decrease in visual acuity consisting of a small shadow in front of his left eye with a sensation of covered vision after 1 cycle of systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy for resected esophageal cancer with brain metastasis.

Evolution properties of partially coherent radially polarized Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beams in an anisotropic turbulent atmosphere.

Analytical formulas for the cross-spectral density matrix of a partially coherent radially polarized Laguerre-Gaussian vortex (PCRPLGV) beam in anisotropic atmospheric turbulence are derived based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. The evolution laws of statistical properties of a PCRPLGV beam in turbulence, such as the average intensity, degree of coherence (DOC) and degree of polarization (DOP), are investigated in detail. It is found that the atmospheric turbulence induces degeneration of the intensity distribution of a PCRPLGV beam on propagation, and some new properties, such as self-shaping and self-rotating, will appear on propagation due to vortex phase.

Propagation factor of partially coherent radially polarized vortex beams in anisotropic turbulent atmosphere.

We skillfully combined the cosine theorem with the second moment theory and the Wigner distribution function and derived the analytical expressions of the propagation factor (-factor) of a partially coherent radially polarized vortex beam (PCRPVB) in atmospheric turbulence. Then, we comparatively studied the propagation factors of a PCRPVB and a partially coherent electromagnetic vortex beam (PCEVB) in atmospheric turbulence. The results show that a PCRPVB has a smaller value of a relative -factor than a PCEVB, which means that a PCRPVB has a stronger ability to resist atmospheric turbulence than a PCEVB.

A data- and model-driven strategy for the evaluation of the experimental transition lines: Theoretical prediction for the ground state of CO.

An analytical formula that relates the molecular constants of the Herzberg expression and experimental transition lines is developed herein with a difference algebraic approach (DAA) model. Based on the data-driven strategy, the DAA model is able to deal with the tiny uncertainties that exhibit behind the experimental transition lines, which is applied to the P branch emission spectra of some first overtone bands of the ground electronic state of CO. The relationship can be used to generate transition lines with sufficient accuracy, as evident from the high J of agreement with the HITRAN database, Velichko data, Goorvitch data and quantum-mechanical data.

Influence of process errors of dielectric gratings on beam properties in transmission spectral-beam-combining systems.

Process errors of dielectric gratings are divided into two classes: shape errors and dimension errors. A theoretical model of dielectric gratings with process errors has been proposed, and a beam propagation model of a transmission spectral-beam-combining (T-SBC) system has further been developed based on the process error model. Beam characteristics such as intensity distribution, beam width, beam quality, and combined power in T-SBC systems have been calculated and analyzed.

Tris(butadiene) Metal Complexes of the First-Row Transition Metals versus Coupling of Butadiene to Eight- and Twelve-Carbon Hydrocarbon Chains.

The role that zerovalent nickel plays in catalyzing the trimerization of butadiene to 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene conveys interest in the properties of the tris(butadiene)metal complexes (CH)M. In this connection the complexes (CH)M (M = Ti-Ni) of the first-row transition metals have been investigated by density functional theory. The intermediate CHNi which has been isolated in the nickel-catalyzed trimerization of butadiene but is too unstable for X-ray crystallography is suggested here to have an open-chain hexahapto η-CH ligand rather than the octahapto such ligand suggested by some investigators.

Myocardial Infarction-Related Transcripts (MIAT) Participate in Diabetic Optic Nerve Injury by Regulating Heart Shock Protein 5 (HSPA5) via Competitively Binding to MicroRNA-379.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the role of MIAT (myocardial infarction related transcripts) in diabetic optic neuropathy and its underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS QRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) was performed to detect the mRNA levels of MIAT and HSPA5 (heart shock protein 5) in diabetic rat model and high-glucose cultured Müller cells. After the intracellular MIAT level was increased by lentivirus transfection, the proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis of Müller cells were measured using the CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) assay, flow cytometry, and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) assay, respectively.

Probing the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of AgSc (n = 1-16) clusters.

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of AgnSc (n = 1-16) clusters have been studied on the basis of density functional theory and the CALYPSO structure prediction method. The optimized geometry exhibits that the growth process of Sc-doped silver clusters have a periodic structural change. The Ag atom grows around a basically invariant cluster core in each growth cycle.

An analytical formula for predicting R-branch high-lying transition lines of BiLi molecule.

A concise and convenient analytical formula without any spectral constant is derived from the conventional expression of R-branch transitional energies for calculating the R-branch high-lying rovibrational emission spectral lines of diatomic molecule. This is based on the thought of Sun's difference converging method (DCM) in 2011. This formula can correctly predict the high-lying transitional emission spectral lines only using 11 known experimental transition lines and a set of physical criteria when any spectral constants of the system are not available.

Probing the Structural, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of Ag V (n = 1-12) Clusters.

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Ag V (n = 1-12) clusters have been studied using density functional theory and CALYPSO structure searching method. Geometry optimizations manifest that a vanadium atom in low-energy AgV clusters favors the most highly coordinated location. The substitution of one V atom for an Ag atom in Ag (n ≥ 5) cluster modifies the lowest energy structure of the host cluster.

Primary angle-closure glaucomas disturb regional spontaneous brain activity in the visual pathway: an fMRI study.

Objective: To explore the underlying regional brain activity deficits in the visual cortex in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) relative to normal controls (NCs) using regional homogeneity (ReHo) method, and its relationship with behavioral performances.

Patients: Twenty PACG patients (10 females, 10 males; mean age ± standard deviation [SD]: 54.42±9.

Propagation of partially coherent Laguerre Gaussian beams through inhomogeneous turbulent atmosphere.

Analytical formulas for the root-mean-square (rms) spatial width, the rms angular width, and the M-factor of partially coherent standard Laguerre Gaussian beams (PC-SLGBs) and partially coherent elegant Laguerre Gaussian beams (PC-ELGBs) in inhomogeneous turbulent atmosphere have been derived. The propagation properties of PC-SLGBs and PC-ELGBs in inhomogeneous atmospheric turbulence are studied numerically and comparatively. It can be found that the propagation of laser beams in inhomogeneous turbulence is different from that in homogeneous turbulence.

Propagation characteristics of partially coherent flat-topped beams propagating through inhomogeneous atmospheric turbulence.

M-factor and root-mean-square (rms) angular width of partially coherent flat-topped (PCFT) beams propagating through inhomogeneous atmospheric turbulence are studied based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the Wigner distribution function (WDF). It is shown that the effect of turbulence on the PCFT beams can be neglected as the vertical height increases, which is different from the homogeneous turbulence. Analytical formulae of the M-factor and rms angular width of PCFT beams have been given.

Intensity and effective beam width of partially coherent Laguerre-Gaussian beams through a turbulent atmosphere.

Propagation properties of partially coherent elegant Laguerre-Gaussian beam (PC-eLGB) and partially coherent standard Laguerre-Gaussian beam (PC-sLGB) through the turbulent atmosphere are studied. Analytical formulas for the intensity and effective beam width (EBW) of the PC-eLGB and PC-sLGB through the turbulent atmosphere are derived based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. The propagation properties of PC-eLGB and PC-sLGB through the turbulent atmosphere are studied numerically and comparatively.

Misalignment analysis of combination-cylinder discharge CO(2) laser.

The axes of a laser resonator will deviate away from the initial places when the combination-cylinder discharge CO laser (CCDCL) is misaligned. The new cavity axes are established through using the misaligned augmented matrixes. The influences of the misalignments on the properties of the laser beams are studied in detail, such as the line deviations and angle deviations of oscillation beams in CCDCL, the near- and far-field distribution of output beams, the diffraction loss and output power, and the beam quality factor.