Reproducibility and usefulness of quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient measurements for predicting program death-ligand 1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: Accurate assessment of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression status in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) before immunotherapy is crucial. We aimed to explore the reproducibility and usefulness of the quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements for predicting PD-L1expression status in NPC.

Methods: We retrospectively recruited 134 NPC patients who underwent MRI scans and PD-L1 detection.

Wine Authentication Using Integration Assay of MIR, NIR, E-tongue, HS-SPME-GC-MS, and Multivariate Analyses: A Case Study for a Typical Cabernet Sauvignon Wine.

Cabernet Sauvignon wine enjoys large market in China, and its adulteration has become a well-known problem and challenge. This study aims to evaluate the capabilities of multiple techniques, including headspace-solid-phase microextraction-GC-MS (HS-SPME-GC-MS), electronic tongue (E-tongue) spectroscopy, mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, to differentiate this popular imported wine in China. MIR spectroscopy, NIR spectroscopy, E-tongue spectroscopy, and HS-SPME-GC-MS were used.