Partial unidirectional translocation from 5AL to 7BS leads to dense spike in an EMS-induced wheat mutant.

Background: As the inflorescence of wheat, spike architecture largely determines grain productivity. Dissecting the genetic basis for the spike morphology of wheat can contribute to the designation of ideal spike morphology to improve grain production.

Results: The present study characterizes a dense spike1 (ds1) mutant, derived from Nongda3753, induced by EMS treatment, which exhibits a dense spike and reduced plant height.

Genomic insights into the origin and evolution of spelt (Triticum spelta L.) as a valuable gene pool for modern wheat breeding.

Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is an important wheat subspecies mainly cultivated in Europe before the 20th century that has contributed to modern wheat breeding as a valuable genetic resource. However, relatively little is known about the origins and maintenance of spelt populations.

Recent Progress on Peroxidase Modification and Application.

Peroxdiase is one of the member of oxireductase super family, which has a broad substrate range and a variety of reaction types, including hydroxylation, epoxidation or halogenation of unactivated C-H bonds, and aromatic group or biophenol compounds. Here, we summarized the recently discovered enzymes with peroxidation activity, and focused on the special structures, sites, and corresponding strategies that can change the peroxidase catalytic activity, stability, and substrate range. The comparison of the structural differences between these natural enzymes and the mimic enzymes of binding nanomaterials and polymer materials is helpful to expand the application of peroxidase in industry.

Microbial P450 repertoire (P450ome) and its application feasibility in pharmaceutical industry, chemical industry, and environmental protection.

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are heme-thiolated enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of C-H bonds in a regio- and stereo-selective manner. CYPs are widely present in the biological world. With the completion of more biological genome sequencing, the number and types of P450 enzymes have increased rapidly.

Enhanced Energy Harvesting Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerators via Dielectric Property Regulation.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) hold great application prospects and research values in the field of energy harvest. The friction layer of TENGs plays an important impact role in their output performance. Therefore, composition modulation of the friction layer is of great significance.

Association mapping identifies loci and candidate genes for grain-related traits in spring wheat in response to heat stress.

Heat stress is a limiting factor in wheat production along with global warming. Development of heat-tolerant wheat varieties and generation of suitable pre-breeding materials are the major goals in current wheat breeding programs. Our understanding on the genetic basis of thermotolerance remains sparse.

The translational landscape of bread wheat during grain development.

The dynamics of gene expression in crop grains has typically been investigated at the transcriptional level. However, this approach neglects translational regulation, a widespread mechanism that rapidly modulates gene expression to increase the plasticity of organisms. Here, we performed ribosome profiling and polysome profiling to obtain a comprehensive translatome data set of developing bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains.

A wheat integrative regulatory network from large-scale complementary functional datasets enables trait-associated gene discovery for crop improvement.

Gene regulation is central to all aspects of organism growth, and understanding it using large-scale functional datasets can provide a whole view of biological processes controlling complex phenotypic traits in crops. However, the connection between massive functional datasets and trait-associated gene discovery for crop improvement is still lacking. In this study, we constructed a wheat integrative gene regulatory network (wGRN) by combining an updated genome annotation and diverse complementary functional datasets, including gene expression, sequence motif, transcription factor (TF) binding, chromatin accessibility, and evolutionarily conserved regulation.

Dispersed emergence and protracted domestication of polyploid wheat uncovered by mosaic ancestral haploblock inference.

Major crops are all survivors of domestication bottlenecks. Studies have focused on the genetic loci related to the domestication syndrome, while the contribution of ancient haplotypes remains largely unknown. Here, an ancestral genomic haploblock dissection method is developed and applied to a resequencing dataset of 386 tetraploid/hexaploid wheat accessions, generating a pan-ancestry haploblock map.

Genome-wide association study identifies QTL for thousand grain weight in winter wheat under normal- and late-sown stressed environments.

GWAS identified stable loci for TGW and stress tolerance in winter wheat based on two sowing conditions, which will provide opportunities for developing new cultivars with high yield and yield stability. Wheat is an important food crop widely cultivated in the world. Breeding new varieties with high yields and superior adaptability is the main goal of modern wheat breeding program.

Serum Metabolomic Profiles Associated With Untreated Metabolic Syndrome Patients in the Chinese Population.

Metabolomics is a promising technology for elucidating the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, measurements in patients with MetS under different conditions vary. Metabolomics experiments in different populations and pathophysiological conditions are, therefore, indispensable.

Dissection and validation of a QTL cluster linked to Rht-B1 locus controlling grain weight in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using near-isogenic lines.

This study dissected and validated a QTL cluster associated with thousand grain weight on chromosome 4B using multiple near-isogenic lines in common wheat. Grain size and weight are crucial components of wheat yield. Previously, we identified a QTL cluster for thousand grain weight (TGW) on chromosome 4B using the Nongda3338 (ND3338)/Jingdong6 (JD6) doubled haploid population.

Use of near-isogenic lines to precisely map and validate a major QTL for grain weight on chromosome 4AL in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

This study precisely mapped and validated a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 4AL for thousand-grain weight in wheat using multiple near-isogenic lines. Thousand-grain weight (TGW) is an essential yield component. Following the previous identification of a major QTL for TGW within the interval of 15.

Btr1-A Induces Grain Shattering and Affects Spike Morphology and Yield-Related Traits in Wheat.

Spike brittleness represents an important domestication trait in crops. Although the brittle rachis of wild wheat was cloned, however, the molecular mechanism underlying spike brittleness is yet to be elucidated. Here, we identified a single dominant brittle rachis gene Br-Ab on chromosome arm 3AbS using an F2 population of diploid wheat and designated Btr1-Ab.