Current application and future perspective of CRISPR/cas9 gene editing system mediated immune checkpoint for liver cancer treatment.

Liver cancer, which is well-known to us as one of human most prevalent malignancies across the globe, poses a significant risk to live condition and life safety of individuals in every region of the planet. It has been shown that immune checkpoint treatment may enhance survival benefits and make a significant contribution to patient prognosis, which makes it a promising and popular therapeutic option for treating liver cancer at the current time. However, there are only a very few numbers of patients who can benefit from the treatment and there also exist adverse events such as toxic effects and so on, which is still required further research and discussion.

Recent research progress based on ferroptosis-related signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment on it effects.

The existing therapies for cancer are not remote satisfactory due to drug-resistance in tumors that are malignant. There is a pressing necessity to take a step forward to develop innovative therapies that can complement current ones. Multiple investigations have demonstrated that ferroptosis therapy, a non-apoptotic modality of programmed cell death, has tremendous potential in face of multiple crucial events, such as drug resistance and toxicity in aggressive malignancies.

Dual-drug controllable co-assembly nanosystem for targeted and synergistic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unsatisfactory because of tumor heterogeneity, multidrug resistance, and poor target accumulation. Therefore, multimodality-treatment with accurate drug delivery has become increasingly popular. Herein, a cell penetrating peptide-aptamer dual modified-nanocomposite (USILA NPs) was successfully constructed by coating a cell penetrating peptide and aptamer onto the surface of sorafenib (Sora), ursolic acid (UA) and indocyanine green (ICG) condensed nanodrug (USI NPs) via one-pot assembly for targeted and synergistic HCC treatment.

An Adaptable Interface Conditioning Circuit Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Sensors.

In order to solve the limited life problem of typical battery power supply, a self-powered method that is based on the environmental energy harvesting has emerged as an amazing power supply approach. The Tribo-electric-Nano-generator (TENG) has been widely studied because of its high efficiency, low fabrication cost, and high output voltage. However, low output power conversion efficiency has restricted its practical application because of its own extremely high output impedance.

Constraint-induced movement therapy promotes motor function recovery and downregulates phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinase expression in ischemic brain tissue of rats.

Motor function impairment is a common outcome of stroke. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) involving intensive use of the impaired limb while restraining the unaffected limb is widely used to overcome the effects of 'learned non-use' and improve limb function after stroke. However, the underlying mechanism of CIMT remains unclear.

The role of glutamate transporter-1 in the acquisition of brain ischaemic tolerance in rats induced by electro-acupuncture pre-treatment.

Objective: To investigate whether electro-acupuncture can serve as a method of inducing brain ischaemic tolerance (BIT) by encouraging the expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and suppressing the release of glutamate (Glu).

Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into sham, ischaemia and EA groups. EA was performed on dazhui and baihui acupoints and the rat cerebral ischaemia model was achieved by occluding the middle cerebral artery (MCA) for 2 hours, followed by reperfusion.

Autophagy suppression by exercise pretreatment and p38 inhibition is neuroprotective in cerebral ischemia.

Autophagy is a degradative mechanism for cellular proteins and organelles, but its role in the nervous system is still not clear. In the present study, we found that exercise pretreatment and p38 inhibition had influence on autophagic process after cerebral ischemia, contributing to their neuroprotective effects. We examined the levels of p62 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 as an autophagic marker and cell-survival marker respectively after cerebral ischemic injury.

Long-term three-stage rehabilitation intervention alleviates spasticity of the elbows, fingers, and plantar flexors and improves activities of daily living in ischemic stroke patients: a randomized, controlled trial.

To investigate the effects of rehabilitation interventions on spasticity and activities of daily living (ADL) in ischemic stroke patients. A total of 165 ischemic stroke patients were recruited and assigned randomly to a control group (CG, n=82) or a therapeutic group (TG, n=83). Rehabilitation interventions were performed in the TG.

Exercise pretreatment promotes mitochondrial dynamic protein OPA1 expression after cerebral ischemia in rats.

Exercise training is a neuroprotective strategy in cerebral ischemic injury, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of treadmill exercise pretreatment on the expression of mitochondrial dynamic proteins. We examined the expression of OPA1/DLP1/MFF/Mfn1/Mfn2, which regulates mitochondrial fusion and fission, and cytochrome C oxidase subunits (COX subunits), which regulate mitochondrial functions, after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats.

Treadmill pre-training ameliorates brain edema in ischemic stroke via down-regulation of aquaporin-4: an MRI study in rats.

Objective: Treadmill pre-training can ameliorate blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in ischemia-reperfusion injury, however, its role in ischemic brain edema remains unclear. This study assessed the neuroprotective effects induced by treadmill pre-training, particularly on brain edema in transient middle cerebral artery occluded model.

Methods: Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce stroke was performed on rats after 2 weeks of treadmill pre-training.

The effect of different intensities of treadmill exercise on cognitive function deficit following a severe controlled cortical impact in rats.

Exercise has been proposed for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the proper intensity of exercise in the early phase following a severe TBI is largely unknown. To compare two different treadmill exercise intensities on the cognitive function following a severe TBI in its early phase, rats experienced a controlled cortical impact (CCI) and were forced to treadmill exercise for 14 days.

Neuroprotective effects of prior exposure to enriched environment on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: the possible molecular mechanism.

Increasing evidence shows that exposure to an enriched environment (EE) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is neuroprotective in animal models. Recent studies have demonstrated that animals housed in an enriched environment condition after an experimental stroke obtained a better functional outcome than those housed in a standard condition. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of enriched environment exposure prior to injury.

Prior exposure to enriched environment reduces nitric oxide synthase after transient MCAO in rats.

Increasing evidence shows that exposure to an enriched environment (EE) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is neuroprotective in animal models. However, little is known about of the neuroprotective effects of EE exposure prior to injury. The current study examined the effects of prior EE exposure on inducible and neuronal nitric oxide syntheses (iNOS and nNOS) after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in rats.

Early exercise training improves ischemic outcome in rats by cerebral hemodynamics.

This study examined whether very early initiated physical rehabilitation (VEIPR), as a recommended therapy for postischemia, could improve motor performance and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Adult male rats with ischemic injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were trained to run on a treadmill for 30min per day at 12m/min. Through such exercise training for 3 days, the ischemic rats exhibited increased motor function and decreased infarct volume, as measured by a behavioral score and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining method, as well as accelerated CBF, as detected with laser speckle imaging (LSI).

Early exercise protects the blood-brain barrier from ischemic brain injury via the regulation of MMP-9 and occludin in rats.

Early exercise within 24 h after stroke can reduce neurological deficits after ischemic brain injury. However, the mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection remain poorly understood. Ischemic brain injury disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and then triggers a cascade of events, leading to secondary brain injury and poor long-term outcomes.

Early exercise improves cerebral blood flow through increased angiogenesis in experimental stroke rat model.

Background: Early exercise after stroke promoted angiogenesis and increased microvessles density. However, whether these newly formatted vessels indeed give rise to functional vascular and improve the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in impaired brain region is still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the effect of early exercise on angiogenesis and CBF in ischemic region.

Cortical reorganization after motor imagery training in chronic stroke patients with severe motor impairment: a longitudinal fMRI study.

Introduction: Despite its clinical efficacy, few studies have examined the neural mechanisms of motor imagery training (MIT) in stroke. Our objective was to find the cortical reorganization patterns after MIT in chronic stroke patients.

Methods: Twenty stroke patients with severe motor deficits were randomly assigned to the MIT or conventional rehabilitation therapy (CRT) group, but two lost in the follow-up.

Prospective, randomized controlled trial of physiotherapy and acupuncture on motor function and daily activities in patients with ischemic stroke.

Objective: To assess the value of acupuncture for promoting the recovery of patients with ischemic stroke and to determine whether the outcomes of combined physiotherapy and acupuncture are superior to those with physiotherapy alone.

Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, P.

Demonstration of posturographic parameters of squat-stand activity in hemiparetic patients on a new multi-utility balance assessing and training system.

Background: Quantitative evaluation of position control ability in stroke patients is needed. Here we report a demonstration of position control ability assessment and test-retest reliability during squat-stand activity on a new system in hemiparetic patients and controls.

Methods: Sixty-two healthy adults and thirty-four hemiparetics were enrolled.

Early Exercise Protects against Cerebral Ischemic Injury through Inhibiting Neuron Apoptosis in Cortex in Rats.

Early exercise is an effective strategy for stroke treatment, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Apoptosis plays a critical role after stroke. However, it is unclear whether early exercise inhibits apoptosis after stroke.

Enriched environment preconditioning induced brain ischemic tolerance without reducing infarct volume and edema: the possible role of enrichment-related physical activity increase.

External stimuli, including environmental enrichment (EE) and physical activity, have been shown to significantly facilitate recovery from brain injury. However, whether EE can be used as a preconditioning method to induce cerebral ischemic tolerance has never been investigated. Furthermore, whether, and to what extent, such environmental stimuli regulate physical activity to promote neuroprotection is largely unclear.

Shear stress inhibits apoptosis of ischemic brain microvascular endothelial cells.

As a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke, to restore or increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the most fundamental option. Laminar shear stress (LS), as an important force generated by CBF, mainly acts on brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). In order to study whether LS was a protective factor in stroke, we investigated LS-intervented ischemic apoptosis of rat BMECs (rBMECs) through PE Annexin V/7-AAD, JC-1 and Hoechst 33258 staining to observe the membranous, mitochondrial and nuclear dysfunction.

[Effects of early application of Tuina treatment on quadriceps surface myoelectricity in patients after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial].

Background: Total knee replacement surgery is commonly used in end-stage diseases of the knee. It is important for improving surgical efficacy and patient satisfaction by promoting early rehabilitation of patients and improving knee function.

Objective: To observe the effects of early application of Tuina treatment on quadriceps surface electromyography (EMG) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis having undergone total knee arthroplasty.

Pre-ischemic treadmill training for prevention of ischemic brain injury via regulation of glutamate and its transporter GLT-1.

Pre-ischemic treadmill training exerts cerebral protection in the prevention of cerebral ischemia by alleviating neurotoxicity induced by excessive glutamate release following ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanism of this process remains unclear. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was observed in a rat model after 2 weeks of pre-ischemic treadmill training.