The Coloring Mechanism of Opaque Glazes from the Changsha Kiln of the Tang Dynasty.

The Changsha Kiln of the Tang Dynasty was a major site for celadon production, yet the mechanisms behind the unique coloring of its opaque glazes remain inadequately explored. Prior research has largely focused on the general composition of these glazes, with limited understanding of the specific processes contributing to their distinct visual characteristics. This gap in knowledge hinders efforts to accurately replicate these historical glazes and fully appreciate their technological significance.

Image Forensics in the Encrypted Domain.

Encryption techniques used by forgers have thrown out a big possible challenge to forensics. Most traditional forensic tools will fail to detect the forged multimedia, which has been encrypted. Thus, image forensics in the encrypted domain (IFED) is significant.

fabrication of self-filtered near-infrared TiCT/n-Si Schottky-barrier photodiodes for a continuous non-invasive photoplethysmographic system.

Two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have emerged as promising candidates to serve as Schottky contact electrodes for the development of high-performance photodiodes owing to their extraordinary electronic properties. However, it remains a formidable challenge to fabricate a large-area, uniform MXene layer for practical device application. Here, we develop a facile route to produce a large-area TiCT layer by post-etching treatment of a pulsed laser-deposited TiAlC film, enabling the construction of a back-illuminated TiCT/n-Si Schottky-barrier photodiode.

Identification and cognitive function prediction of Alzheimer's disease based on multivariate pattern analysis of hippocampal volumes.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly associated with slowly progressive hippocampal atrophy. Elucidating the relationships between local morphometric changes and disease status for early diagnosis could be aided by machine learning algorithms trained on neuroimaging datasets.

Objective: This study intended to propose machine learning models for the accurate identification and cognitive function prediction across the AD severity spectrum based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) of the bilateral hippocampi.

Periodontitis associated with brain function impairment in middle-aged and elderly individuals with normal cognition.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate changes in intranetwork functional connectivity (FC) and internetwork FC in middle-aged and elderly individuals with normal cognition (NC) and varying degrees of periodontitis to determine the effects of periodontitis on brain function.

Methods: Periodontal findings and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 51 subjects with NC. Independent component analysis and correlation analysis were used for the statistical analysis of the data.

Durability of a Metakaolin-Incorporated Cement-Based Grouting Material in High Geothermal Tunnels.

To improve the durability of cement-based grout in high geothermal tunnel grouting projects, metakaolin was incorporated to replace 8% of the cement. The permeability, chloride penetration, and sulfate and carbonate erosion tests were carried out on the grout cured at varying temperatures (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C). It was shown that with the increase in curing temperature, the impermeability and resistance to chloride penetration initially increased and then decreased, reaching the highest values at 40 °C.

Characterizing the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in cerebral small vessel disease: An integrative multi‑omics study.

Background: Prior efforts have revealed changes in gut microbiome, circulating metabolome, and multimodal neuroimaging features in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). However, there is a paucity of research integrating the multi-omic information to characterize the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in CSVD.

Methods: We collected gut microbiome, fecal and blood metabolome, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data from 37 CSVD patients with white matter hyperintensities and 46 healthy controls.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the neural correlates of working memory.

Background: Working memory (WM), a core component of executive functions, relies on a dedicated brain system that maintains and stores information in the short term. While extensive neuroimaging research has identified a distributed set of neural substrates relevant to WM, their underlying molecular mechanisms remain enigmatic. This study investigated the neural correlates of WM as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms.

Discrimination of Left Atrial Strain Patterns in Hypertensive Heart Disease and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: a Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Feature.

To assess left atrial (LA) strain parameters using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging feature tracking (cardiac MRI-FT) for differentiating hypertensive heart disease (HHD) from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), which are two left ventricular hypertrophic diseases that could present with similar morphologies in early stage but differ in clinical symptoms and treatment strategies. 45 patients with HHD, 85 patients with HCM (non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HNCM, n = 45] and obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [HOCM, n = 40]) and 30 healthy controls (HC) were retrospectively included. LA volumes, strain, and strain rate were determined by manually contouring on the two- and four-chamber views of the CMR-FT module using CVI 42 software.

Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity in Acute Incomplete Cervical Cord Injury Patients and Its Associations With Sensorimotor Dysfunction Measures.

Background: Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) captures temporal variations in functional connectivity during magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. However, the neural mechanisms driving dFNC alterations in the brain networks of patients with acute incomplete cervical cord injury (AICCI) remain unclear.

Methods: This study included 16 AICCI patients and 16 healthy controls.

Transcriptomic decoding of regional cortical vulnerability to major depressive disorder.

Previous studies in small samples have identified inconsistent cortical abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite genetic influences on MDD and the brain, it is unclear how genetic risk for MDD is translated into spatially patterned cortical vulnerability. Here, we initially examined voxel-wise differences in cortical function and structure using the largest multi-modal MRI data from 1660 MDD patients and 1341 controls.

Brain Network Localization of Gray Matter Atrophy and Neurocognitive and Social Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia.

Background: Numerous studies have established the presence of gray matter atrophy and brain activation abnormalities during neurocognitive and social cognitive tasks in schizophrenia. Despite a growing consensus that diseases localize better to distributed brain networks than individual anatomical regions, relatively few studies have examined brain network localization of gray matter atrophy and neurocognitive and social cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Methods: To address this gap, we initially identified brain locations of structural and functional abnormalities in schizophrenia from 301 published neuroimaging studies with 8712 individuals with schizophrenia and 9275 healthy control participants.

Automatic quality assessment of knee radiographs using knowledge graphs and convolutional neural networks.

Background: X-ray radiography is a widely used imaging technique worldwide, and its image quality directly affects diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, X-ray image quality control (QC) is essential. However, subjectively assessing image quality is inefficient and inconsistent, especially when large amounts of image data are being evaluated.

Effect of spin-lock frequency on quantitative myocardial T1ρ mapping.

Objectives: To use T1ρ mapping to assess myocardial fibrosis and to provide a reference for future clinical application, it is necessary to understand the factors influencing T1ρ values. This study explored the influence of different spin-locking frequencies on T1ρ values under a 3.0-T MR system.

The Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue Volume and Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: As Assessed by Cardiac MR.

Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a metabolically active visceral fat linked to cardiovascular disease. Prior studies demonstrated the predictive value of EAT volume (EATV) in atrial fibrillation (AF) among hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy patients.

Purpose: To investigate the association between EATV and AF in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).

The interplay between extracellular and intracellular auxin signaling in plants.

The phytohormone auxin exerts control over remarkable developmental processes in plants. It moves from cell to cell, resulting in the creation of both extracellular auxin and intracellular auxin, which are recognized by distinct auxin receptors. These two auxin signaling systems govern different auxin responses while working together to regulate plant development.

Homogeneous to heterogeneous redox mediator enhancing ferrate(VI) oxidation of sulfamethoxazole: Role of ferrate(VI) activation and electron shuttle.

Ferrate (Fe(VI)) is a promising oxidant for water remediation, yet it has limited reactivity towards certain recalcitrant but important emerging contaminants, such as sulfamethoxazole. Here, this study demonstrates that nitroxide redox mediators, specifically 9-azabicyclo[3.3.

Myocardial Transit Time Mapping by CMR: A Novel Indicator of Microcirculatory Dysfunction in Cardiac Amyloidosis.

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is characterized by the deposition of amyloid fibrils within the myocardium, resulting in a restrictive physiology. Although microvascular dysfunction is a common feature, it is difficult to assess. This study aimed to explore myocardial transit time (MyoTT) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) as a potential novel parameter of microcirculatory dysfunction in CA.

Contribution of changes in the spinal cord and brain to the onset and progression of hand clumsiness symptoms in cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Objective: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) stands as the most prevalent form of spinal cord injury, frequently prompting various changes in both the brain and spinal cord. However, the precise nature of these changes within the brains and spinal cords of CSM patients experiencing hand clumsiness (HCL) symptoms has remained elusive. The authors aimed to scrutinize these alterations and explore potential links between these changes and the onset of HCL symptoms.