The formation of proto-austronesians: insights from a revised phylogeography of the paternal founder lineage.

Objectives: Previous studies suggested that the Y-chromosome haplogroups O2-N6-B451-AM01756 and O1a-M119 are two founder lineages of proto-Austronesians at about five thousand years ago. The objective of this study was to investigate the formation of proto-Austronesians from the perspective of the paternal gene pool.

Materials And Methods: In this study, we developed a highly evised phylogenetic tree with age estimates for haplogroup O2-N6 and early branches of O1a-M119 (M110, F1036, and F819).

Paternal origin of Tungusic-speaking populations: Insights from the updated phylogenetic tree of Y-chromosome haplogroup C2a-M86.

Objectives: Haplogroup C2a-M48 is the predominant paternal lineage of Tungusic-speaking populations, one of the largest population groups in Siberia. Up until now, the origins and dispersal of Tungusic-speaking populations have remained unclear. In this study, the demographic history of Tungusic-speaking populations was explored using the phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup C2a-M86, the major subbranch of C2a-M48.

Phylogenetic analysis of the Y-chromosome haplogroup C2b-F1067, a dominant paternal lineage in Eastern Eurasia.

Human Y-chromosome haplogroup C2b-F1067 is one of the dominant paternal lineages of populations in Eastern Eurasia. In order to explore the origin, diversification, and expansion of this haplogroup, we generated 206 new Y-chromosome sequences from C2b-F1067 males and coanalyzed 220 Y-chromosome sequences of this haplogroup. BEAST software was used to reconstruct a revised phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C2b-F1067 with age estimates.

The intragenic epistatic association of with biliary atresia in Southern Han Chinese population.

Biliary atresia (BA) is a multifactorial pathogenic disease with possible genetic components. As a member of membrane skeletal proteins in the liver and bile ducts, a haplotype composed by five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on adducin 3 () has been identified as associated with BA. However, limited study was designed to further elaborate the mutual relationship amongst those replicated SNPs to disease.

Estimation of stature by using the dimensions of the right hand and right foot in Han Chinese adults.

The Han Chinese people are the main ethnic group in China and the largest ethnic group in the world. The dimensions of the hands and feet have been successfully used for the estimation of stature. A total of 26,927 healthy adult subjects, comprising 13,221 men and 13,706 women, were recruited.

Area-level socioeconomic disparities impact adult overweight and obesity risks of Han ethnicity in China.

Objectives: The profound socioeconomic processes occurring in developing countries have been accompanied by the notable increase of overweight and obese populations. This study for the first time investigates the impact of area-based socioeconomic status (SES) on adult overweight and obesity for both sexes of Han ethnicity in China.

Methods: We investigated 6,221 adult participants of Han ethnicity from 18 geographic areas in China, and measured stature and weight for each participant.

Ethnic inequalities and sex differences in body mass index among tibet minorities in China: implication for overweight and obesity risks.

Objectives: In the present study, we for the first time investigated overweight and obesity level among Tibet minorities (Deng, Lhoba, Monba) living in remote villages at the south slope of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. For each ethnicity, the total number of population is less than 10 thousands in China.

Methods: Anthropometric measurements were conducted on adult participants of three ethnicities in Tibet, China.

Brief communication: Body mass index, body adiposity index, and percent body fat in Asians.

Human obesity is a growing epidemic throughout the world. Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used as a good indicator of obesity. Body adiposity index (BAI = hip circumference (cm)/stature (m)(1.

Physical characteristics of Chinese Hakka.

Using standard and internationally validated methods, 86 anthropologic characteristics were determined in 650 male (305 from urban areas and 345 from rural areas) and 704 female (331 from urban areas, 373 from rural areas) Chinese Hakka adults living in Guangdong and Jiangxi. The data were used to calculate 24 anthropologic indices, which were analyzed statistically. The physical characteristics of Hakka subjects were analyzed and compared with reference ethnic data.

[Gene frequency of 12 characters in 5 nationalities in inner mongolia].

The gene frequency of 12 characters was reported in Ewenki, Oroqen, Daur, Mongol and Han nationalities in Inner Mongolia, and compared among these nationalities. The result indicated that the difference of Mongoloid fold among nationalities was significant, followed by the Folding tongue, while the difference of Handedness and Nasal profile was relatively insignificant.

Morphological traits in peoples of Mongolian nationality of the Hulunbuir league, Inner Mongolia, China.

A sample of 947 Mongolians of Bargud, Elute and Buriat was investigated on 9 indexes (hair form, forehead hair-ledge point, eyefold of the upper eyelid, Mongoloid fold, ear lobe type, nasal profile, nostril type, front teeth type, and chin projection) in the Hulunbuir league, Inner Mongolia in September 1997. The results are as follows: 1. Most of the Mongolians in Hulunbuir league are characterised by straight hair, forehead hair-ledge point absence, eyefold eyelid, Mongoloid fold appearance, shovel-shaped front teeth, straight nose, wide nostril, free ear lobe, non-projecting chin.