Duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis in Helicobacter pylori gastritis: comparison before and after treatment.

Our aims were to assess performance of duodenal intraepithelial lymphocyte counting for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) gastritis, and effects of eradication therapy on intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Paired duodenal and gastric biopsies from subjects with a pathologic diagnosis of H.

Charge and Size Dual Switchable Nanocage for Novel Triple-Interlocked Combination Therapy Pattern.

Combination therapy is a current hot topic in cancer treatment. Multiple synergistic effects elicited by combined drugs are essential in improving antitumor activity. Herein, a pH-triggered charge and size dual switchable nanocage co-loaded with abemaciclib and IMD-0354 (PA/PI-ND) is reported, exhibiting a novel triple-interlocked combination of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and chemoimmunotherapy.

Mechanistic Insights into the Oxidative Rearrangement Catalyzed by the Unprecedented Dioxygenase ChaP Involved in Chartreusin Biosynthesis.

ChaP is a non-heme iron-dependent dioxygenase belonging to the vicinal oxygen chelate (VOC) enzyme superfamily that catalyzes the final α-pyrone ring formation in the biosynthesis of chartreusin. In contrast to other common dioxygenases, for example, 2,3-catechol dioxygenase which uses the dioxygen molecule as the oxidant, ChaP requires the flavin-activated oxygen (O) as the equivalent. Previous experiments showed that the ChaP-catalyzed ring rearrangement contains two successive C-C bond cleavages and one lactonization; however, the detailed reaction mechanism is unknown.

Fiber micro-tip temperature sensor based on cholesteric liquid crystal.

This Letter proposes and demonstrates a novel, miniature fiber-tip temperature sensor with a tapered hollow capillary tube (HCT) filled with glycerin and dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC). The function of glycerin is to provide a surface anchoring force to control the uniform orientation of CLC molecules, so that the CLC in the tapered HCT can be considered as a mirrorless photonic bandgap (PBG) microcavity. An unambiguously identifiable PBG mode single peak appears in the emission spectra of the sensor.

Use of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) Combined with Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration (LCBDE): A Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND The have been few reports on use of ERAS in LC combined with LCBDE to promote postoperative recovery of patients. Therefore, the purpose of this cohort study was to explore the use of ERAS in patients who underwent LC combined with LCBDE. MATERIAL AND METHODS We collected clinical data of 445 patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration from January 2015 to February 2019 in our hospital and divided the patients into an E-LC group and an LC group.

Subanesthetic Ketamine Reactivates Adult Cortical Plasticity to Restore Vision from Amblyopia.

Subanesthetic ketamine evokes rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects in human patients. The mechanism for ketamine's effects remains elusive, but ketamine may broadly modulate brain plasticity processes. We show that single-dose ketamine reactivates adult mouse visual cortical plasticity and promotes functional recovery of visual acuity defects from amblyopia.

Mechanistic Insights into the Oxidative Ring Expansion from Penicillin N to Deacetoxycephalosporin C Catalyzed by a Nonheme Iron(II) and α-KG-Dependent Oxygenase.

Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS) is a nonheme iron(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent oxygenase that catalyzes the oxidative ring expansion of penicillin N (penN) to deacetoxycephalosporin C (DAOC). Earlier reported crystal structures of DAOCS indicated that the substrate penicillin binds at the same site of succinate, leading to the proposal of the unusual "ping-pong" mechanism. However, more recent data provided evidence of the formation of ternary DAOCS·α-KG·penN complex, and thus DAOCS should follow the usual consensus mechanism of α-KG-dependent nonheme iron(II) oxygenases.

Small Morph Nanoparticles for Deep Tumor Penetration via Caveolae-Mediated Transcytosis.

The tumor penetration of nanomedicines constitutes a great challenge in the treatment of solid tumors, leading to the highly compromised therapeutic efficacy of nanomedicines. Here, we developed small morph nanoparticles (PDMA) by modifying polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMA). PDMA achieved deep tumor penetration via an active, energy-dependent, caveolae-mediated transcytosis, which circumvented the obstacles in the process of deep penetration.

Engineering Thermo-pH Dual Responsive Hydrogel for Enhanced Tumor Accumulation, Penetration, and Chemo-Protein Combination Therapy.

Purpose: Combined chemotherapeutic drug and protein drug has been a widely employed strategy for tumor treatment. To realize both tumor accumulation and deep tumor penetration for drugs with different pharmacokinetics, we propose a structure-transformable, thermo-pH dual responsive co-delivery system to co-load granzyme B/docetaxel (GrB/DTX).

Methods: Thermo-sensitive hydrogels based on diblock copolymers (mPEG--PELG) were synthesized through ring opening polymerization.

Preparation, characterization, and drug release behavior of thiolated alginate nanoparticles loaded budesonide as a potential drug delivery system toward inflammatory bowel diseases.

For site-specific drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease, reducible sodium alginate nanoparticles cross-linked with disulfide linkage were developed. Nanoparticles were synthesized in deionized water through self-assembly of amphiphilic thiolated sodium alginate Alg-Cys and subsequently produced cross-linking of disulfide bonds. TEM image showed a spherical core-shell configuration with a size of about 430 nm for the nanoparticles.

Publisher Correction: The discovery of human TSLP as a critical epithelial cytokine in type 2 immunity and allergic disease.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Preparation of low carbon olefins on a core-shell K-FeC@ZSM-5 catalyst by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

In this study, a core-shell catalyst based on FeC@ZSM-5 (ZSM-5 capped FeC as active phase) is prepared by the coating-carbonization method for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Further, the designed ZSM-5 zeolites are utilized to screen the low carbon hydrocarbons from the products generated on the iron carbide active centre, and for catalytic disassembly of the long-chain hydrocarbons into low carbon olefins. Prior to utilization, the physical-chemical properties of the prepared catalysts are systematically characterized by various techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations, in addition to the effects of coating-carbonization, molecular sieve coating amount, and K-doping on core-shell iron-based catalysts.

Correction: A liquid-crystal-based immunosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I.

Correction for 'A liquid-crystal-based immunosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I' by Chunli Xia et al., Analyst, 2020, 145, 4569-4575, DOI: 10.1039/D0AN00425A.

Mechanical Insights into the Enzymatic Cleavage of Double C-C Bond in Poly(-1,4-isoprene) by the Latex Clearing Protein.

The b-type cytochrome Lcp is a latex clearing protein (Lcp), which acts as an endotype dioxygenase to catalyze the extracellular cleavage of the chemically inert aliphatic polymer poly(-1,4-isoprene), producing oligo-isoprenoids with different terminal carbonyl groups (aldehyde and ketone, -CH-CHO and -CH-COCH). On the basis of the fact that the muteins of E148A, E148Q, and E148H have substantially reduced reactivity, and the E148-initiated reaction mechanism has been previously proposed, in which a cyclic dioxetane intermediate or an epoxide intermediate may be involved, however, open questions still remain. In this paper, on the basis of the crystal structure of Lcp the enzyme-substrate reactant model was constructed, and the cleavage mechanism of the central double bond of poly(-1,4-isoprene) was elucidated by performing quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations.

Chloroquine increases the anti-cancer activity of epirubicin in A549 lung cancer cells.

The present study investigated whether the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) can improve the sensitivity of the A549 lung cancer cell line to epirubicin (EPI). The Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay was used to determine the EPI IC in A549 cells treated for 72 h. A549 cells were treated with Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression level of the autophagy-associated protein, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 β (LC3B), and apoptosis-associated proteins such as cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3.

Steatohepatitis-Like Changes in Hepatocellular Adenoma.

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the frequency of steatohepatitic morphology in hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) and correlate with its clinical parameters and risk factors underlying nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Methods: We examined a series of 41 liver resection specimens diagnosed with HCA for steatohepatitic changes. Background nonneoplastic liver was also evaluated.

Tumor microenvironment-related dendritic cell deficiency: a target to enhance tumor immunotherapy.

Dendritic cells (DCs), as specialized antigen-presenting cells, are essential for the initiation of specific T cell responses in innate antitumor immunity and, in certain cases, support humoral responses to inhibit tumor development. Mounting evidence suggests that the DC system displays a broad spectrum of dysfunctional status in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which ultimately affects antitumor immune responses. DC-based therapy can restore the function of DCs in the TME, thus showing a promising potential in tumor therapy.

lncRNA ZFAS1 promotes lung fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and ferroptosis via functioning as a ceRNA through miR-150-5p/SLC38A1 axis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a lethal fibrotic lung disease. The role of lncRNAs in multiple diseases has been confirmed, but the role and mechanism of lncRNA zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) in the progression of PF need to be elucidated further. Here, we found that lncRNA ZFAS1 was upregulated in bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF rats lung tissues and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated HFL1 cells, and positively correlated with the expression of solute carrier family 38 member 1 (SLC38A1), which is an important regulator of lipid peroxidation.

Serology Is More Sensitive Than Urea Breath Test or Stool Antigen for the Initial Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Gastritis When Compared With Histopathology.

Objectives: To assess the concordance and performance characteristics of Helicobacter pylori laboratory tests compared with histopathology and to propose algorithms for the diagnosis of H pylori that minimize diagnostic error.

Methods: H pylori diagnostics were reviewed from a 12-year period within a health system (2,560 cases). Analyses were performed to adjust diagnostic performance based on treatment and consensus histopathologic diagnoses among pathologists.

[Role of P21 in Resistance of Lung Cancer].

Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world with the highest incidence of deaths. In recent years, the treatment of lung cancer has made a significant breakthrough. However, as the tumor progresses, lung cancer cells inevitably acquire resistance and the efficacy of the treatment are greatly reduced.

A liquid-crystal-based immunosensor for the detection of cardiac troponin I.

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is one of the most sensitive and specific markers of myocardial cell injury, which can detect even minor myocardial damages. It is recognized as the main biochemical marker of the rapid diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In this study, a label-free biosensor that utilizes the birefringence property of a nematic liquid crystal (LC) for the detection of cTnI is demonstrated.

Reduced cadmium accumulation in tobacco by sodium chloride priming.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution threatens agricultural security worldwide. This study tested the efficacy of priming chemicals to decrease Cd uptake by tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum). After initial screening from nine different chemicals (NaCl, Cd(CHCOO), Cd(NO), CdCl, KHNO, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ß-aminobutyric acid (BABA), and glutathione (GSH)), NaCl and PEG-6000 were further investigated because of their low risks to plant growth and efficiency to Cd reduction.

A Dual TLR7/TLR9 Inhibitor HJ901 Inhibits ABC-DLBCL Expressing the MyD88 L265P Mutation.

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is associated with aggressive clinical cases and poor prognosis despite recent advances in disease treatment. In activated B-cell-like (ABC)-DLBCL, the most severe damaged signaling pathways converge to aberrantly activate the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9/MyD88 pathways, leading to the avoidance of cell death and resistance to chemotherapy. A gain of function mutation in MyD88 (MyD88 L265P) enhanced the NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways and was associated with dysregulation of TLR signaling in the pathogenesis of ABC-DLBCL.