3D Vertical Ferroelectric Capacitors with Excellent Scalability.

Three-dimensional vertically stacked memory is more cost-effective than two-dimensional stacked memory. Vertically stacked memory using ferroelectric materials has great potential not only in high-density memory but also in neuromorphic fields because it secures low voltage and fast operation speed. This paper presents the implementation of a ferroelectric capacitor comprising a vertical two-layer stacked structure composed of a titanium nitride (TiN)/aluminum-doped hafnium oxide/TiN configuration.

Establishing cutoff values for visual amyloid positivity in [F]flutemetamol PET.

Background: This study aimed to establish the optimal cutoff values for visual amyloid positivity using standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in [F]flutemetamol (FMM) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Given the variability in amyloid assessment, our goal was to determine cutoff values that enhance diagnostic accuracy and assist clinicians in reliably identifying amyloid positivity.

Results: The identified cutoff values for visual amyloid positivity were > 1.

Automated Measurement of Effective Radiation Dose by F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography.

Background/objectives: Calculating the radiation dose from CT in F-PET/CT examinations poses a significant challenge. The objective of this study is to develop a deep learning-based automated program that standardizes the measurement of radiation doses.

Methods: The torso CT was segmented into six distinct regions using TotalSegmentator.

Ferroelectric properties of HfAlOx-based ferroelectric memristor devices for neuromorphic applications: Influence of top electrode deposition method.

In this study, we compare the performance of ferroelectric memristor devices based on the fabrication method for the top electrode, focusing on atomic layer deposition (ALD) and physical vapor deposition techniques. We investigate the effects of these methods on the formation of the orthorhombic phase (o-phase) in HfAlOx (HAO) ferroelectric films, which is crucial for ferroelectric properties. The devices were fabricated with HAO films doped with 3.

Reservoir Computing System with Diverse Input Patterns in HfAlO-Based Ferroelectric Memristor.

Ferroelectric memristors, particularly those based on hafnia, are gaining attention as potential candidates for neuromorphic computing. These devices offer advantages over perovskite-based ferroelectric memristors owing to their simpler structures, compatibility with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology, and low-power consumption characteristics. Additionally, improvements in ferroelectric memristor's performance, such as enhancing tunneling electro resistance (TER) and polarization retention, can be achieved using methods like aluminum doping and insulating film deposition.

Dynamic FeO/FeWO nanocomposite memristor for neuromorphic and reservoir computing.

Memristors are crucial in computing due to their potential for miniaturization, energy efficiency, and rapid switching, making them particularly suited for advanced applications such as neuromorphic computing and in-memory operations. However, these tasks often require different operational modes-volatile or nonvolatile. This study introduces a forming-free Ag/FeO/FeWO/Pt nanocomposite memristor capable of both operational modes, achieved through compliance current (CC) adjustment and structural engineering.

A tied-weight autoencoder for the linear dimensionality reduction of sample data.

Dimensionality reduction is a method used in machine learning and data science to reduce the dimensions in a dataset. While linear methods are generally less effective at dimensionality reduction than nonlinear methods, they can provide a linear relationship between the original data and the dimensionality-reduced representation, leading to better interpretability. In this research, we present a tied-weight autoencoder as a dimensionality reduction model with the merit of both linear and nonlinear methods.

An autoimmune transcriptional circuit drives FOXP3 regulatory T cell dysfunction.

Autoimmune diseases, among the most common disorders of young adults, are mediated by genetic and environmental factors. Although CD4FOXP3 regulatory T cells (T) play a central role in preventing autoimmunity, the molecular mechanism underlying their dysfunction is unknown. Here, we performed comprehensive transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of T in the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS) to identify critical transcriptional programs regulating human autoimmunity.

HfAlOx-based ferroelectric memristor for nociceptor and synapse functions.

Efficient data processing is heavily reliant on prioritizing specific stimuli and categorizing incoming information. Within human biological systems, dorsal root ganglions (particularly nociceptors situated in the skin) perform a pivotal role in detecting external stimuli. These neurons send warnings to our brain, priming it to anticipate potential harm and prevent injury.

Risk Factors for Rapid Cognitive Decline in Amyloid-Negative Individuals Without Cognitive Impairment or With Early-Stage Cognitive Loss in Screening Tests.

Purpose: Although rapid cognitive decline (RCD) is an important unfavorable prognostic factor, not much is known about it, especially in amyloid-negative individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors for RCD in amyloid-negative individuals.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 741 individuals who were either cognitively unimpaired or had early-stage cognitive ability loss and who underwent 18 F-florbetaben (FBB) (n = 402) or 18 F-flutemetamol (FMM) (n = 339) PET/CT.

Lu Anti-Angiogenic Radioimmunotherapy Targeting ATP Synthase in Gastric Cancer Model.

This study investigated a novel radioimmunotherapy strategy for targeting tumor angiogenesis. We developed a radiopharmaceutical complex by labeling an anti-adenosine triphosphate synthase (ATPS) monoclonal antibody (mAb) with the radioisotope Lu using DOTA as a chelating agent. Lu-DOTA-ATPS mAb demonstrated high labeling efficiency (99.

Stacked generalization as a computational method for the genomic selection.

As genomic selection emerges as a promising breeding method for both plants and animals, numerous methods have been introduced and applied to various real and simulated data sets. Research suggests that no single method is universally better than others; rather, performance is highly dependent on the characteristics of the data and the nature of the prediction task. This implies that each method has its strengths and weaknesses.

Triptolide, a Cancer Cell Proliferation Inhibitor, Causes Zebrafish Muscle Defects by Regulating Notch and STAT3 Signaling Pathways.

Triptolide is a natural compound in herbal remedies with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. We studied its effects on critical signaling processes within the cell, including Notch1 and STAT3 signaling. Our research showed that triptolide reduces cancer cell proliferation by decreasing the expression of downstream targets of these signals.

Analyzing the response of rice to tefuryltrione herbicide: Haplotype variation and evolutionary dynamics of the HIS1 gene.

Weeds pose multifaceted challenges in rice cultivation, leading to substantial economic losses through reduced yield and poor grain quality. Harnessing the natural genetic diversity in germplasm collections becomes crucial for identifying novel herbicide resistance loci in crops. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 475 rice accessions from the KRICE depository, assessing their response to TFT (tefuryltrione) and probing the underlying HIS1 (HPPD INHIBITOR SENSITIVE 1) genotypic variations.

Evolutionary and synteny analysis of HIS1, BADH2, GBSS1, and GBSS2 in rice: insights for effective introgression breeding strategies.

The key genes BADH2, GBSS1, GBSS2, and HIS1 regulate the fragrance, starch synthesis, and herbicide resistance in rice. Although the molecular functions of four genes have been investigated in the Oryza sativa species, little is known regarding their evolutionary history in the Oryza genus. Here, we studied the evolution of four focal genes in 10 Oryza species using phylogenetic and syntenic approaches.

Clinical Feasibility of Deep Learning-Based Attenuation Correction Models for Tl-201 Myocardial Perfusion SPECT.

Purpose: We aimed to develop deep learning (DL)-based attenuation correction models for Tl-201 myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) images and evaluate their clinical feasibility.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease. We proposed a DL-based image-to-image translation technique to transform non-attenuation-corrected images into CT-based attenuation-corrected (CT AC ) images.

Harnessing Genetic Variations and Haplotypes for Vitamin E Diversity in the Korean Rice Collection.

(), a key gene in the vitamin E biosynthesis pathway, significantly influences the accumulation of tocochromanols, thereby determining rice nutritional quality. In our study, we analyzed the gene in 475 Korean rice accessions, uncovering 177 genetic variants, including 138 SNPs and 39 InDels. Notably, two functional SNPs, and , were identified, causing substitutions from valine to isoleucine and arginine to glycine, respectively, across 93 accessions.

Multifunctional HfAlO thin film: Ferroelectric tunnel junction and resistive random access memory.

This study presents findings indicating that the ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) or resistive random-access memory (RRAM) in one cell can be intentionally selected depending on the application. The HfAlO film annealed at 700 °C shows stable FTJ characteristics and can be converted into RRAM by forming a conductive filament inside the same cell, that is, the process of intentionally forming a conductive filament is the result of defect generation and redistribution, and applying compliance current prior to a hard breakdown event of the dielectric film enables subsequent RRAM operation. The converted RRAM demonstrated good memory performance.

Sex-dependent placental methylation quantitative trait loci provide insight into the prenatal origins of childhood onset traits and conditions.

Molecular quantitative trait loci (QTLs) allow us to understand the biology captured in genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The placenta regulates fetal development and shows sex differences in DNA methylation. We therefore hypothesized that placental methylation QTL (mQTL) explain variation in genetic risk for childhood onset traits, and that effects differ by sex.

IGZO/SnOx-based dynamic memristor with fading memory effect for reservoir computing.

We investigate a synaptic device with short-term memory characteristics using IGZO/SnOx as the switching layer. The thickness and components of each layer are analyzed by using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The memristor exhibits analog resistive switching and a volatile feature with current decay over time.

Sinonasal microbiome and inflammatory profiles in fungal ball and chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective: Fungal balls (FB) are the main form of non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis found in immunocompetent hosts. Bacterial coinfection affects clinical symptoms. We investigated the sinonasal microbiome and inflammatory profiles in FB and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients.

Preliminary investigation on the implementation of an artificial synapse using TaOx-based memristor with thermally oxidized active layer.

This study presents a preliminary exploration of thermally oxidized TaOx-based memristors and their potential as artificial synapses. Unlike the 10-min annealed devices, which display instability due to current overshoots, the 5-min annealed device exhibits stable resistive switching, retention, and endurance characteristics. Moreover, our memristor showcases synaptic behaviors encompassing potentiation, depression, spike-timing-dependent plasticity, and excitatory postsynaptic currents.

Wearable and Wavelength-Tunable Near-Infrared Organic Light-Emitting Diodes for Biomedical Applications.

Near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes (NIR OLEDs) have significant potential for wearable phototherapeutic applications because of the unique properties of the OLEDs, including their free-form electronics and the excellent biomedical effects of NIR emission. In spite of their tremendous promise, given that the majority of NIR OLEDs in previous research have relied on the utilization of an intrinsically brittle indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, their practicality in the field of wearable electronics is inherently constrained. Here, we report wearable and wavelength-tunable NIR OLEDs that employ a high-performance NIR emitter and an innovative architecture by replacing the ITO with a silver (Ag) electrode.