Video versus direct laryngoscopy on successful first-pass endotracheal intubation in ICU patients.

Background: Airway management in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is challenging. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of successful first-pass intubation in the ICU by using the direct laryngoscopy (DL) and that by using the video laryngoscopy (VL).

Methods: A randomized, non-blinded trial comparing first-pass success rate of intubation between VL and DL was performed.

Effects of epiphytic algae on biomass and physiology of Myriophyllum spicatum L. with the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus availability in the water body.

The disappearance of submerged vascular macrophytes in shallow eutrophic lakes is a common phenomenon in the world. To explore the mechanism of the decline in submerged macrophyte abundance due to the growth of epiphytic algae along a nutrient gradient in eutrophic water, a 2 × 3 factorial experiment was performed over 4 weeks with the submerged macrophyte (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) by determining the plant's biomass and some physiological indexes, such as chlorophyll (Chl) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the leaves of M.

[Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Different Forms of Phosphorus in Three Sorts of Rivers around Lake Taihu].

Different forms of phosphorus from the upper reaches of river to lower reaches of river in nine rivers were analyzed to clarify the pollution characteristics of industrial effluent, agriculture effluent and sanitary wastewater to Lake Taihu in February (low water period), May (average water period) and August (abundant water period) of 2009. The results showed that total phosphorus (TP) dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and soluble reactive phosphorus ( SRP) mass concentration all showed decreasing trend while enzymatic phosphorus (EHP) mass concentration increased with the increase of algal biomass from low water period to abundant water period. Mass concentrations of several forms of phosphorus were all the highest in the rivers impacted by sanitary wastewater, but sanitary wastewater's self-purification capabity from the upper reaches of river to lower reaches of river was the best, and the pollution to Lake Taihu was the lowest.

The physiological responses of Vallisneria natans to epiphytic algae with the increase of N and P concentrations in water bodies.

To reveal the mechanism of submerged plants decline in progressively eutrophicated freshwaters, physiological responses of Vallisneria natans to epiphytic algae were studied in simulation lab by measuring plant physiological indexes of chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity based on a 2 × 4 factorial design with two epiphytic conditions (with epiphytic algae and without) and four levels of N and P concentrations in water (N-P[mg.L(-1)]: 0.5, 0.

[Variation of water quality and trophic state of Lake Tianmu, China].

Water quality survey was carried out in 2006 and 2007 in Lake Tianmu (Shahe Reservoir) of China in order to make clear the eutrophication reasons of urban lake-type reservoirs in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, and then put forward the corresponding control measures for such reservoirs. The survey frequency was once a month in 2006 and once two months from May 2007 to Dec. 2007.

[Release of colloidal N and P from sediment of lake caused by continuing hydrodynamic disturbance].

The course of continuing hydrodynamic disturbance and succeeding long time settlement of lake water was simulated to study the release of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from lake sediment. It was showed in the experiment that the hydrodynamic disturbance caused abundant release of particulate and colloidal phosphorus and nitrogen. The concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in water reached the highest values of 2.