Entropy and Entransy Dissipation Analysis of a Basic Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs) to Recover Low-Grade Waste Heat Using Mixture Working Fluids.

Mixture working fluids can reduce effectively energy loss at heat sources and heat sinks, and therefore enhance the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) performance. The entropy and entransy dissipation analyses of a basic ORC system to recover low-grade waste heat using three mixture working fluids (R245fa/R227ea, R245fa/R152a and R245fa/pentane) have been investigated in this study. The basic ORC includes four components: an expander, a condenser, a pump and an evaporator.

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of linezolid in burn and non-burn rabbits.

Linezolid is effective on many resistant organisms for the treatment of severe infections in burns. However, its pharmacokinetics was difficult to predict after major burns. The study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic properties of linezolid administered intravenously at a dose of 10 mg/kg in severely burned rabbits in comparison to that in non-burns.

[Voltage dependent anion channel 2 involved mitochondrial apoptosis and its possible regulatory signal pathway in hearts of rats with severe scalds].

Objective: To explore the role of voltage dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2) involved mitochondrial apoptosis in heart injury of rats with severe scald injury and elucidate its possible regulatory signal pathway.

Methods: A total of 60 Wistar rats were divided into sham scald group (n = 30) and scald group (n = 30) according to a random digital table. Blood and heart tissue samples were harvested at Day 1, 7, 14 post scalding.

[Clinical observations of negative pressure wound therapy and basic fibroblast growth factor in the treatment of intractable pressure ulcer].

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacies and costs of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the treatment of stage III or IV pressure ulcer (PU).

Methods: From July 2008 to December 2011, 48 patients fulfilling the study inclusion or exclusion criteria at Weihai Municipal Hospital were divided randomly into experiment and control groups (n=24 each). On the basis of routine treatment and NPWT of each inpatient, the patients in the experiment group were treated with bFGF.

[Expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress associated proteins in livers of severely burned rats].

Objective: To explore the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) associated proteins in livers of severely burned rats and examine its potential significance.

Methods: Sixty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control and burn groups (30% total body surface area full-thickness thermal injury) (n = 32 each). Livers were harvested at Day 1, 4, 7, 14 post-burn.

[Changes in cytokines in lymph and T lymphocyte subsets in lymph node of burned rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of burn on cytokines in lymph and T lymphocyte subsets in lymph node of rats.

Methods: Eighteen Wistar rats were used in the experiment. One of the hind limbs of each rat was immersed in 70 °C hot water for 30 s to reproduce 4%TBSA deep partial-thickness scald model (burn group), while the other hind limb was immersed in 22 °C warm water for 30 s to simulate scald (sham injury group).

[Role of lymphatics in bacterial translocation from intestine in burn rats].

Objective: To investigate the role of lymphatics in bacterial translocation from intestine of rats with burn.

Methods: Escherichia coli (E. coli) labeled with chloromethylbenzamidodialkylcarbocyanine (CM-DIL) were prepared.

[Effect of survivin antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on proliferation and apoptosis of human malignant melanoma cells].

Objective: To investigate the effect of survivin antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) on proliferation and apoptosis of human malignant melanoma cells.

Methods: hMMC A375 colonies in log growth phase were collected and divided into control group (C, without transfection), sense chain group [SC, transfected with 600 nmol/L survivin sense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)], mismatch chain group (MC, transfected with 600 nmol/L survivin mismatch sense ODN), liposome group (L, treated with liposome), antisense chain group (AC, transfected with survivin ASODN, and subdivided into AC 200, 400, 600 nmol/L subgroups) according to the random number table. Transfection result was observed under inverted fluorescence microscope.

[The significance of TGF-beta expression in scar in adenosine receptor A(2A) knockout mice].

Objective: To discuss the mechanism of scar hypertrophy in adenosine receptor A(2A) (A(2A) R) knockout mice.

Methods: Animal models of hypertrophic scar were established in 12 A(2A) R knockout mice and 12 wild-type mice as control. The thickness and the size of transverse section of the hypertrophic scar were observed by H-E staining.

[Expression of mast cell tryptase in scar].

Objective: To investigate the expression and distribution of mast cell tryptase (MCT) in scar, and to discuss the different MCT gene expression in keloid, hypertrophic scar and normal skin.

Methods: 20 samples of keloid, 20 samples of hypertrophic scar and 20 samples of normal skin were collected. The distribution of MCT was investigated by immunofluorescence histochemistry, and the MCT mRNA expression was detected by Relative Quantification real-time fluorescent PCR.

[Application of carbocyanines fluorescent dye for tracing fetal fibroblast transplant: experiment with rats].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of applying carbocyanines fluorescent dye chloromethyl-benzamidodialkyl carbocyanine (CM-Dil) in tracing fetal fibroblast transplant.

Methods: Sixteen-day-gestation fetal rat skin tissue samples were harvested and digested with trypsin to isolate fibroblasts. The fibroblasts proliferated in logarithmic phase and were incubated with CM-Dil for 15 minutes.

[Morphological observation of nerve fibers at different periods in full-thickness burn wound].

Objective: To observe the change in quantity and morphology of nerve fibers in different periods in granulation tissue in full-thickness burn wound.

Methods: The granulation tissue samples were harvested from 40 patients with full-thickness burn in our unit at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th post burn week (PBW), 10 samples were obtained at each time point. Donor site tissues from 10 burn patients were used as normal control.

[Expression of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand and its receptor in thymus during early post-burn stage in rat with severe burns].

Objective: To investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its receptor on apoptosis in thymus during early post-burn stage in rat with severe burns.

Methods: Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham scald group (SS, n = 10) and burn group (n = 40). The apoptosis in thymus in rats was detected with annexin V/FITC-PI double staining at 4, 12, 24, 48 post-burn hours (PBH).

Lymph invasion route of bacteria and endotoxin and CD4+/CD8+ T cells ratio changes of draining lymph node of burn infection wound.

The aim of this study was to determine the lymphatic invasion route of bacteria and endotoxin of burn wounds infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and moreover, the effect of P. aeruginosa infection of the burn wound on the draining lymph node and lymph fluid. Male Wistar rats were subjected to unilateral hind limb burn+wound infected by P.

Changes in cytokine levels and CD4+/CD8+ T cells ratio in draining lymph node of burn wound.

The aim of this study was to determine the changes of cytokine levels in draining lymph fluid and the changes of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells ratio in draining lymph node of burn wound. Male Wistar rats were subjected to unilateral hind limb burn (burn limbs group) and contralateral hind limb without burn (control limbs group). On hours 6, 24, and 72 after burn, rats were killed; lymph fluid in the efferent lymph trunk of the common iliac lymph nodes (CILN) were collected; and lymph fluid Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

[The changes in the tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in the lymph and of the dynamics of the lymphokines during shock stage of rats with major burns].

Objective: To study the dynamic changes in the lymphokines and the changes in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in the lymph during shock stage of rats with major burns.

Methods: Forty-two male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into burn resuscitation group (A, n = 18), burn non-resuscitation (B, n = 18) and the control (C, n = 6) groups. The TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the lymph were determined with radioimmunoassay at 6, 24, 48 postburn hours (PBH).