Dynamics of the social construction of knowledge: an empirical study of Zhihu in China.

Unlabelled: This study examined how the knowledge market promotes knowledge construction on question-and-answer (Q&A) websites. Data were collected from Zhihu, one of the largest Q&A sites in China. Hierarchical linear modeling was employed to estimate the dynamics of information accumulation, that is, the provision of informative content as factual construction.

Spontaneous resolution of idiopathic intestinal obstruction after pneumonia: A case report.

Background: Duodenal obstruction is a common clinical scenario that can either be mechanical or a pseudo-obstruction. Clinical management of intestinal obstruction starts from localization and proceeds to histological examination of the stenotic intestine. Systemic factors and dysfunction of distant organs might contribute to the development of intestinal obstruction.

[Impacts of thinning on canopy structure and understory light in secondary poplar-birch forests.].

The variation of forest canopy structure and understory light caused by natural or human disturbances might account for environmental heterogeneity and species diversity in the understory. These factors play an important role in driving the structure, process and pattern in forest ecosystem. We set up two 0.

A rare intrahepatic subcapsular hematoma (ISH) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a case report and literature review.

Background: Intrahepatic subcapsular hematoma (ISH) is an extremely rare, life-threatening complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Only few cases have been reported. Herein, we reported a rare giant ISH after LC and summarized all of the reported cases.

Cytotoxic Activities of Total Saponins from Plena Clematis on Human Tumor Cell Lines In Vitro.

Objective: To investigate the anti-proliferative effects of saponins prepared from Plena Clematis (PC) cultured in Fujian Province, China on 4 human tumor cell lines and its possible anti-tumor mechanism.

Methods: The growth inhibition assays of saponins on human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line (EC9706), human hepatoma cell line (HepG-2), human oral cancer cell line (KB) and human gastric cancer cell line (BGC-823) were evaluated in vitro by thiazolyl blue (MTT) method. The inhibitory effects on EC9706 treated with different concentrations of saponins (15.

Subchronic Oral Toxicity of Silica Nanoparticles and Silica Microparticles in Rats.

Objective: To investigate the subchronic oral toxicity of silica nanoparticles (NPs) and silica microparticles (MPs) in rats and to compare the difference in toxicity between two particle sizes.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups: the control group; the silica NPs low-, middle-, and high-dose groups; and the silica MPs low-, middle-, and high-dose groups [166.7, 500, and 1,500 mg/(kg•bw•day)].

Research advances in the application of methylprednisolone in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury.

Acute spinal cord injury(ASCI),mainly caused by traffic accidents and fall injuries,is a catastrophic event that can profoundly affect the trajectory of a patient's life. Debate continues over the medical management of ASCI,in particular the usefulness,dosage,and potential risks of methylprednisolone(MP). Although the results of American National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study 2 and 3 trials led to the wide adoption of a high-dose MP regimen for ASCI patients,the reliabilities of their study methods and data were still questionable.

[Immunotoxicologic assessment of genetically modified drought-resistant wheat T349 with GmDREB1].

Objective: To assess the immunotoxicologic effects of genetically modified drought resistant wheat T349 with GmDREB1 gene.

Methods: A total of 250 female BALB/c mice (6-8 week-old, weight 18-22 g) were divided into five large groups (50 mice for each large group) by body weight randomly. In each large group, the mice were divided into five groups (10 mice for each group) by body weight randomly, which were set as negative control group, common wheat group, parental wheat group, genetically modified wheat group and cyclophosphamide positive control group, respectively.

[Clinical efficacy of microvascular decompression plus intraoperative monitoring of abnormal muscle response in the treatment of hemifacial spasm].

Objective: To explore the clinical efficacy of microvascular decompression plus intraoperative monitoring of abnormal muscle response in the treatment of hemifacial spasm.

Methods: Between 2009 and 2010, a total of 47 patients underwent microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. There were 15 males and 32 females with an age range 23 - 70 years old.

[Clinical application of neuronavigation in transsphenoidal microsurgery of pituitary adenomas].

Objectives: To summarize the experiences in clinical application of neuronavigation in transsphenoidal microsurgery of specific pituitary adenomas, and to discuss its indications.

Methods: From January 2006 to December 2010, 138 cases of transsphenoidal microsurgery for specific pituitary adenomas under neuronavigation were reviewed. The indications for neuronavigation in transsphenoidal microsurgery includes: recurrent or regrowth of residual pituitary adenomas after former transsphenoidal surgery in 36 cases, invasive pituitary adenomas in 45 cases, extremely laterally or deeply situated microadenomas in 45 cases, poor pneumatization of the sphenoid in 4 cases, skull base anomalies due to osteodysplasia fibrosa in 3 cases, narrow space between bilateral internal carotid arteries in 4 cases, distortion of nasal septum in 1 case.

[Thyroid-stimulating hormone pituitary adenomas: clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment].

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and surgical effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone pituitary adenomas (TSH-omas).

Methods: The clinical data of 19 patients (14 female and 5 male) with TSH-omas were analyzed retrospectively in this study from January 2001 to December 2008. The patients ranged from 20 to 70 years old (average 40.

Synthesis of [3β-acetoxy-urs-12-en-28-oyl]-1-monoglyceride and investigation on its anti tumor effects against BGC-823.

Ursolic acid (UA) as the leader compound was designed to prepare a series of derivatives (three novel compounds UA-1a, UA-1b and UA-2) by modification at the C3 and C28 positions. Their chemical structures were confirmed by IR, (1)H NMR and MS. The cytotoxic activity of the derivatives was evaluated against HepG2, BGC-823 and HT-29 by the MTT assay.

[The preliminary study of using neuro-endoscope assisted atlanto occipital decompression to treat Chiari type I malformation with syringomyelia].

Objective: To explore and evaluate the methodology of neuro-endoscope assisted atlanto occipital decompression in Chiari type I malformation with syringomyelia.

Methods: Between January 2007 to January 2008, 8 patients underwent neuro-endoscope assisted atlanto occipital decompression, including 2 male patients and 6 female patients (aged 13 to 52 years). During the operations, the surgical fields were lightened by the illuminator of endoscope.

Postacute ischemia vascular endothelial growth factor transfer by transferrin-targeted liposomes attenuates ischemic brain injury after experimental stroke in rats.

Our objective was to achieve the enhanced delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to ischemically disordered brain through transferrin-coupled liposomes (Tf-PLs) via intravenous administration, and to observe the effect of Tf-VEGF-PLs on ischemic brain neuroprotection and angiogenesis. Cerebral VEGF overexpression was achieved with Tf-PLs by intravenous injection 48 hr after an acute stroke. β-Galactosidase expression was monitored; saline was injected as a control.

Neural endoscopic assisted micro-invasive management of Chiari I malformation.

Background: In order to make posterior fossa decompression for the management of Chiari I malformation simple and less invasive while using direct visualization, a novel solely endoscopic procedure has been employed for the decompression of Chiari malformation type I. The objective of this study was to present neural endoscopic posterior fossa decompression and atlas laminectomy for Chiari type I patients.

Methods: Twenty-one patients with Chiari type I underwent neural endoscopic posterior fossa decompression and atlas laminectomy.

[Management of pulmonary thromboembolism in post-operative neurosurgical patients].

Objective: To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in post-operative neurosurgical patients.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 7 patients who experienced pulmonary thromboembolism after neurosurgical operations in our department from October 2009 to March 2010.

Results: Of these 7 patients, 6 were confirmed with computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and 1 was diagnosed according to the clinical manifestations and other diagnostic examinations.

[Specific expression in brain of exogenous gene by transpassing blood-brain barrier after intravenous injection].

Objective: To study the expression of exogenous LacZ gene in brain via a delivery of OX26-pGFAP-IL.

Methods: pCMV-Liposome, OX26-pCMV-IL, OX26-pGFAP-IL and blank liposome were injected into rats via femoral vein. At 24 h post-injection, the method of Q-PCR was adopted to calculate the relative quantities of LacZ gene mRNA in brain and peripheral organs.

Construction of cholecystokinin transgenic mouse and its effects on food intake.

Background: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is one of the richest neuropeptides in the mammalian brain, which is mainly distributed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and caudate-putamen. CCK is implicated in a variety of behavioral functions such as food intake, learning, memory, anxiety, pain and neuroprotection. The current research results for CCK are obtained mainly through injection of CCK peptide into the body.

Extended transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomas invading the anterior cranial base, cavernous sinus, and clivus: a single-center experience with 126 consecutive cases.

Object: The standard transsphenoidal approach has been successfully used to resect most pituitary adenomas. However, as a result of the limited exposure provided by this procedure, complete surgical removal of pituitary adenomas with parasellar or retrosellar extension remains problematic. By additional bone removal of the cranial base, the extended transsphenoidal approach provides better exposure to the parasellar and clival region compared with the standard approach.

[Effects of adrenalectomy on the treatment of Cushing disease].

Objective: To discuss the effects of adrenalectomy (ADX) on the treatment of Cushing's disease(CD).

Methods: Clinical data of 15 cases of CD between January 1980 and December 2005 were analyzed to evaluate operative indications, complications and the changes of hypercortisolism and hormone levels pre- and post- adrenalectomy.

Results: All the patients involved underwent transsphenoidal pituitary surgery previously.

Transplantation of neural stem cells modified by human neurotrophin-3 promotes functional recovery after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.

The study tested the hypothesis that transplantation of human neurotrophin-3 (hNT-3) over-expressing neural stem cells (NSCs) into rat striatum after a severe focal ischemia would promote functional recovery. Rat NSCs, transduced by Flag-tagged hNT-3 gene mediated by lentiviral vector (LV), were transplanted into the striatum ipsilateral to the injury of adult rats 7 days after 2-h occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). From 3 days to 2 weeks after transplantation, the modified cells (NSCs-hNT3, as defined by Flag immunofluorencence staining) that survived the transplantation procedures could secrete significantly higher levels of neurotrophin-3 protein in the graft sites than controls (P<0.

[Transsphenoidal microsurgical results of non-invasive prolactinomas].

Objective: To analyze the transsphenoidal microsurgical results of non-invasive prolactinomas, in order to provide reference for their treatment choice.

Methods: To review the transsphenoidal microsurgical results of 234 non-invasive prolactinomas treated in our department in recent 10 years, and to analyze the prognostic factors. There were 18 males and 216 females, aged between 13 and 58 years, averaged (31.