Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Embryonic Development Through Regulation of Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is one of the main active components of the natural medicine propolis, which has antioxidant, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to analyze the effects and underlying mechanisms of CAPE added to the medium of in vitro cultures on the developmental competence, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum of porcine embryos. The results demonstrated that 1 nM of CAPE significantly improved the quality of porcine embryos, increased the rate of blastocyst formation, and enhanced the proliferation ability.

Diosmetin Promotes Early Embryonic Development in Pigs by Alleviating Oxidative Stress.

Diosmetin (DIOS), a natural flavonoid monomer derived from lemons and present in various plants such as spearmint and spider moss, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging properties. Nonetheless, its impact on early embryonic development in pigs remains unexplored. This study aimed to determine the influence of DIOS supplementation in an in vitro culture (IVC) medium on porcine embryo development and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Enhancing antioxidant levels and mitochondrial function in porcine oocyte maturation and embryonic development through notoginsenoside R1 supplementation.

This study examines the impact of Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a compound from Panax notoginseng, on the maturation of porcine oocytes and their embryonic development, focusing on its effects on antioxidant levels and mitochondrial function. This study demonstrates that supplementing in vitro maturation (IVM) medium with NGR1 significantly enhances several biochemical parameters. These include elevated levels of glutathione (GSH), nuclear factor erythrocyte 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and mRNA expression of catalase (CAT) and GPX.

Mangiferin improves early porcine embryonic development by reducing oxidative stress.

Mangiferin (MGN) is primarily found in the fruits, leaves, and bark of plants of the Anacardiaceae family, including mangoes. MGN exhibits various pharmacological effects, such as protection of the liver and gallbladder, anti-lipid peroxidation, and cancer prevention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MGN supplementation during in vitro culture (IVC) on the antioxidant capacity of early porcine embryos and the underlying mechanisms involved.

Insulin interacts with PPARγ agonists to promote bovine adipocyte differentiation.

Insulin is a potent adipogenic hormone that triggers a series of transcription factors that regulate the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Ciglitazone specifically binds to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), thereby promoting adipocyte differentiation. As a natural ligand of PPARγ, oleic acid (OA) can promote the translocation of PPARγ into the nucleus, regulate the expression of downstream genes, and promote adipocyte differentiation.

Supplementation with Eupatilin during In Vitro Maturation Improves Porcine Oocyte Developmental Competence by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone) is a flavonoid derived from plants that has beneficial biological activities, such as anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the protective effects of eupatilin against oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in porcine oocyte maturation are still unclear. To investigate the effect of eupatilin on the development of porcine oocytes after in vitro maturation and parthenogenetic activation, we added different concentrations of eupatilin in the process of porcine oocyte maturation in vitro, and finally selected the optimal concentration following multiple comparisons and analysis of test results using SPSS (version 17.

Chrysoeriol Improves the Early Development Potential of Porcine Oocytes by Maintaining Lipid Homeostasis and Improving Mitochondrial Function.

Our previous study established that chrysoeriol (CHE) can reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, apoptosis, and autophagy in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine embryos. However, the role of CHE in oocyte maturation and lipid homeostasis is unclear. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the effect of CHE on porcine oocyte competence in vitro maturation (IVM) and subsequent embryo development.

3D hepatic organoid production from human pluripotent stem cells.

Hepatic organoids might provide a golden opportunity for realizing precision medicine in various hepatic diseases. Previously described hepatic organoid protocols from pluripotent stem cells rely on complicated multiple differentiation steps consisting of both 2D and 3D differentiation procedures. Therefore, the spontaneous formation of hepatic organoids from 2D monolayer culture is associated with a low-throughput production, which might hinder the standardization of hepatic organoid production and hamper the translation of this technology to the clinical or industrial setting.

Production of Highly Uniform Midbrain Organoids from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Brain organoids have been considered as an advanced platform for disease modeling and drug screening, but numerous roadblocks exist, such as lack of large-scale production technology and lengthy protocols with multiple manipulation steps, impeding the industrial translation of brain organoid technology. Here, we describe the high-speed and large-scale production of midbrain organoids using a high-throughput screening-compatible platform within 30 days. Micro midbrain organoids (MOs) exhibit a highly uniform morphology and gene expression pattern with minimal variability.

Improving the developmental competences of porcine parthenogenetic embryos by Notoginsenoside R1-induced enhancement of mitochondrial activity and alleviation of proapoptotic events.

Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), derived from the Panax notoginseng root and rhizome, exhibits diverse pharmacological influences on the brain, neurons, and osteoblasts, such as antioxidant effects, mitochondrial function protection, energy metabolism regulation, and inhibition of oxygen radicals, apoptosis, and cellular autophagy. However, its effect on early porcine embryonic development remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated NGR1's effects on blastocyst quality, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, glutathione (GSH) levels, mitochondrial function, and embryonic development-related gene expression in porcine embryos by introducing NGR1 during the in vitro culture (IVC) of early porcine embryos.

Melatonin Supplementation during Maturation of Porcine Oocytes Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Imidacloprid Exposure.

Imidacloprid (IMI) is an endogenous neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in agriculture and has attracted researchers' attention because of its risks to the environment and human health. Melatonin (MT) is an antioxidant hormone produced by the pineal gland of the brain. Studies have shown that it has a variety of physiological functions and plays a crucial role in the development of animal germ cells and embryos.

BDE-47 Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Inhibit Early Porcine Embryonic Development.

Widely used as a flame retardant, 2,2'4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is a persistent environmental pollutant with toxicological effects, including hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption. To investigate the toxicological effects of BDE-47 on early porcine embryogenesis in vitro, cultured porcine embryos were exposed to BDE-47 during early development. Exposure to 100 μM BDE-47 decreased the blastocyst rate and mRNA level of pluripotency genes but increased the level of LC3 and the expression of autophagy-related genes.

Customized liver organoids as an advanced modeling and drug discovery platform for non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have presented a major and common health concern worldwide due to their increasing prevalence and progressive development of severe pathological conditions such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although a large number of drug candidates for the treatment of NASH have entered clinical trial testing, all have not been released to market due to their limited efficacy, and there remains no approved treatment for NASH available to this day. Recently, organoid technology that produces 3D multicellular aggregates with a liver tissue-like cytoarchitecture and improved functionality has been suggested as a novel platform for modeling the human-specific complex pathophysiology of NAFLD and NASH.

Protective effect of onion peel extract on ageing mouse oocytes.

Mammalian oocytes not fertilized immediately after ovulation can undergo ageing and a rapid decline in quality. The addition of antioxidants can be an efficient approach to delaying the oocyte ageing process. Onion peel extract (OPE) contains quercetin and other flavonoids with natural antioxidant activities.

Xanthoangelol promotes early embryonic development of porcine embryos by relieving endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhancing mitochondrial function.

Research Question: Does the addition of an antioxidant agent, xanthoangelol (XAG), to the culture medium improve in-vitro development of porcine embryos?

Design: Early porcine embryos were incubated in the presence of 0.5 μmol/l XAG in in-vitro culture (IVC) media and analysed using various techniques, including immunofluorescence staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL), and reverse transcription followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results: The addition of 0.

Chrysoeriol Improves In Vitro Porcine Embryo Development by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Autophagy.

Chrysoeriol (CHE) is a flavonoid substance that exists in many plants. It has various physiological and pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and protective activity, especially for the cardiovascular system and liver. Among common livestock embryos, porcine embryos are often considered high-quality objects for studying the antioxidant mechanisms of oocytes.

Dihydromyricetin supplementation during in vitro culture improves porcine oocyte developmental competence by regulating oxidative stress.

Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a dihydroflavonoid compound, exhibits a variety of biological activities, including antitumor activity. However, the effects of DHM on mammalian reproductive processes, especially during early embryonic development, remain unclear. In this study, we added DHM to porcine zygotic medium to explore the influence and underlying mechanisms of DHM on the developmental competence of parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos.

Wedelolactone facilitates the early development of parthenogenetically activated porcine embryos by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy.

Wedelolactone (WDL) is a coumaryl ether compound extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant, L. It is a natural polyphenol that exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-free radical, and antioxidant activities in the bone, brain, and ovary. However, its effect on embryonic development remains unknown.

Oroxin A reduces oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy and improves the developmental competence of porcine embryos in vitro.

Oroxin A (OA) is a flavonoid isolated from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz that has various biological activities, including antioxidant activities. This study aimed to examine the viability of using OA in an in vitro culture (IVC) medium for its antioxidant effects and related molecular mechanisms on porcine blastocyst development.

Citrinin impairs pig oocyte maturation by inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.

Citrinin (CTN) is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by several strains of Penicillium, Monascus, and Aspergillus. While CTN poses various toxic effects on the female reproductive system in animals, its direct effects on germ cell development are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of CTN (0,20,40,80,100 μM) on porcine oocyte in vitro maturation.

Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley - A review.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F.A. Barkley (syn.

The PI3Kα inhibitor DFX24 suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer via ERK inhibition and EPHB6 reactivation.

EPHB6 is a metastasis inhibitory gene that is frequently decreased or deficiency in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which contributed to the subsequent development of distant metastasis. These suggested the possibility that reactivation of EPHB6 might prevent the metastasis of NSCLC. Nevertheless, EPHB6 expression might also promote cancer cell growth and inhibit cell apoptosis by activating Akt and ERK pathway, apart from inhibition of migration and invasion.

Melatonin alleviates defects induced by zearalenone during porcine embryo development.

Zearalenone (ZEA), which is produced by several fusarium mycotoxins, is found in animal feed and food products, and can exert estrogen-like activity. Melatonin (MT) is emerging as a supplement that can fight the toxic effects of mycotoxins. With a variety of physiological functions that play crucial roles in the development of animal germ cells and embryos, melatonin regulates circadian rhythms and has an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative role.

Podophyllotoxin affects porcine oocyte maturation by inducing oxidative stress-mediated early apoptosis.

Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is a lignan extracted from podophyllum genera and it shows potent antitumor activity since it could effectively inhibit the assembly of microtubule in tumor cells. However, the effects of podophyllotoxin exposure on porcine oocyte quality is still unclear. In present study we tried to examine whether podophyllotoxin exposure was toxic to porcine oocyte maturation.