Updated severity and prognosis score of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A multi-center cohort study in China.

Background: The high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) score is an important component of the severity and prognosis score of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (SPSP). However, the HRCT score in SPSP only considers the extent of opacity, which is insufficient.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated HRCT scores for 231 patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (APAP) from three centers of the China Alliance for Rare Diseases.

Soluble ST2 in serum predicts the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a retrospective study.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a heterogeneous and progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis. However, there are currently no effective biomarker that can reliably predict the prognosis for IPF in clinic. The serum level of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (sST2), which is involved in the immune response, has proven to be a prognostic predictor for various diseases.

Activating transcription factor 3 involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1-induced macrophage senescence.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most prevalent pathogens that cause nosocomial infection in critical patients. Previously, we reported PA induced macrophage to senescence under the circumstance of infection. As an oxidative stress responsiveness element, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) might be involved in the macrophage senescence process.

Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: usual interstitial pneumonitis vs. possible usual interstitial pneumonitis pattern.

Background: The prognosis of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is very poor with a high mortality. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features and survival of patients with AE-IPF with usual pulmonary fibrosis (UIP) and possible UIP (P-UIP) pattern on chest high resolution computed tomography (HRCT).

Methods: This retrospective study included 107 patients with AE-IPF admitted to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2010 to December 2016.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a population-based study in China.

Backgrounds: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease (ILD) that develops in response to the inhalation of various antigens. The clinical pathologies are very complex and undetermined. The clinical features and outcomes of HP have not been fully elucidated.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces cellular senescence in lung tissue at the early stage of two-hit septic mice.

We presume that severe secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection can lead to cellular senescence in lung tissue and thus contribute to high mortality. We established a two-hit mouse model using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed by sublethal PA lung infection. In lung tissue, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, elevated lung injury and augmented cellular senescence was shown in mice with CLP followed by sublethal PA infection, and these observations reached a higher rank when higher (H) loads PA (PAO1) were administered to CLP mice (CLP + PAO1-H).

LncRNA-MEG3 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate Treg/Th17 balance in patients with asthma by targeting microRNA-17/ RORγt.

Background: Treg/Th17 imbalance plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Disordered LncRNAs were observed in asthma, however, whether LncRNAs can regulate the Treg/Th17 balance and its mechanism still needs to be investigated.

Methods: Microarrays were performed to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs and microRNAs in peripheral blood CD4 + T cells from patients with asthma and healthy controls.

Using ROS as a Second Messenger, NADPH Oxidase 2 Mediates Macrophage Senescence via Interaction with NF-B during Infection.

(PA) is one of the most prevalent pathogens that cause nosocomial infection in critical patients. However, the mechanisms underlying macrophage growth status and functional changes during PA infection are yet unknown. In the present study, NADPH oxidase, gp91 (NOX2) mediated macrophage to senescence in a PAO1 colony-dependent manner.

Clinical features of secondary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis associated with myelodysplastic syndrome: Two case reports.

Rationale: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of alveolar surfactant protein in alveolar spaces. Secondary PAP can result from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

Patient Concerns: But most reports described a single case; here we reported 2 cases of PAP secondary to MDS.

Identification and biochemical characterization of DC07090 as a novel potent small molecule inhibitor against human enterovirus 71 3C protease by structure-based virtual screening.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a serious, highly contagious disease. HFMD caused by Enterovirus 71 (EV71), results in severe complications and even death. The pivotal role of EV71 3C in the viral life cycle makes it an attractive target for drug discovery and development to treat HFMD.

Clinical and Radiological Profile of Acute Fibrinous and Organizing Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) is a unique pathological entity with intra-alveolar fibrin in the form of "fibrin balls" and organizing pneumonia. It was divided into rare idiopathic interstitial pneumonia according to the classification notified by American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society in 2013. As a rare pathological entity, it is still not well known and recognized by clinicians.

Occupational inhalational exposure and serum GM-CSF autoantibody in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Objectives: Although the serum granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor autoantibody (GMAb) levels have been recognised as a diagnostic marker in primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), their role in PAP with occupational inhalational exposure (PAPo) remains unclear.

Methods: Forty-five consecutive patients with PAP were enrolled. Each patient with PAP was assessed for baseline clinical characteristics, chest high-resolution CT (HRCT), serum GMAb and occupational exposure.

Hypoxia induced high expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) in non-small cell lung cancer and its prognostic effect.

Although associations between thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) and cancers have been recognized, the effects of TXNIP on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis remained to be determined in detail. In addition, while hypoxia is a key characteristic of tumor cell growth microenvironment, the effect of hypoxia on TXNIP expression is controversial. In this study, formaldehyde fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples of 70 NSCLC patients who underwent resection between January 2010 and December 2011 were obtained.

Elevated platelets enhance cancer cell migration, promote hematogenous metastasis and associate with a poor prognosis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer cases.

Although correlations between platelets and lung cancer has been recognized, effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis remain to be determined in detail. In the present study, wound healing assays revealed a role of platelets in NSCLC cell migration . Thus the mean migration rate of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells was significantly elevated after co-culture with platelets (81.

Meta-analysis of the adverse effects of long-term azithromycin use in patients with chronic lung diseases.

The adverse effects of azithromycin on the treatment of patients with chronic lung diseases (CLD) were evaluated in the present study. MEDLINE and other databases were searched for relevant articles published until August 2013. Randomized controlled trials that enrolled patients with chronic lung diseases who received long-term azithromycin treatment were selected, and data on microbiological studies and azithromycin-related adverse events were abstracted from articles and analyzed.

[The clinicopathological features of acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia].

Objective: To improve understanding of the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP).

Methods: The clinical data of 5 AFOP patients were retrospectively analyzed. AFOP was diagnosed via percutaneous lung biopsy guided by chest computerized tomography (CT) in the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School during March 2011 to June 2012.

Indium lung disease.

Background: Reports of pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema, and, more recently, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) in indium workers suggested that workplace exposure to indium compounds caused several different lung diseases.

Methods: To better understand the pathogenesis and natural history of indium lung disease, a detailed, systematic, multidisciplinary analysis of clinical, histopathologic, radiologic, and epidemiologic data for all reported cases and workplaces was undertaken.

Results: Ten men (median age, 35 years) who produced, used, or reclaimed indium compounds were diagnosed with interstitial lung disease 4-13 years after first exposure (n = 7) or PAP 1-2 years after first exposure (n = 3).

[A randomized, double-blind, placebo-control study of once-daily inhaled tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety between tiotropium capsule and placebo in a 12-week treatment in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-control clinical trial was conducted in 205 patients with stable COPD. They were randomized into inhaled tiotropium 18 µg once daily or placebo, lasting for 12 weeks.

[Giant cell interstitial pneumonia associated with hard metals: a case report and review of the literature].

Objective: To highlight the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of Objective To highlight the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP) associated with Hard metals.

Method: The clinical, radiological and pathological data of a patient with hard metal lung disease confirmed by video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy of the right lung were presented, and relevant literatures were reviewed.

Results: A 30-year-old female patient presented with cough and dyspnea on exertion for more than 40 days.

MDM2 309 T/G polymorphism is associated with lung cancer risk among Asians.

Published data on the association between MDM2 309 T/G polymorphism and lung cancer risk are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. A total of eight studies including 6063 cases and 6678 controls were involved in this meta-analysis.

[Primary pulmonary involvement of NK/T-cell lymphoma: report of two cases with literature review].

Objective: To describe the imaging, clinical and pathological features of primary pulmonary involvement of NK/T-cell lymphoma.

Methods: The imaging, clinical and pathological features of 2 patients with primary pulmonary involvement of NK/T-cell lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The 2 cases (both young women) of NK/T-cell lymphoma were confirmed with CT-guided percutaneous needle lung biopsy and the lung was the primary involved site.

[Short-term and long-term influences of nasal continuous positive airway pressure to sleep architecture of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome].

Objective: To observe the short-term and long-term influences of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) to sleep architecture of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods: Thirty cases who were diagnosed as OSAHS patients by polysomnography (PSG) were enrolled in the study. They received the nCPAP treatment in hospital at first night and then at home.