Imaging follow-up strategy after endovascular treatment of Intracranial aneurysms: A literature review and guideline recommendations.

Objective: Endovascular coil embolization is the primary treatment modality for intracranial aneurysms. However, its long-term durability remains of concern, with a considerable proportion of cases requiring aneurysm reopening and retreatment. Therefore, establishing optimal follow-up imaging protocols is necessary to ensure a durable occlusion.

Feasibility of Prompt Lumbar Drainage in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Numerous studies have shown that continuous lumbar drainage (LD) reduces spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-related complications, decreasing the incidence of cerebral vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia , and hydrocephalus in patients treated with coiling or clipping, but performing LD before securing the aneurysm is still controversial. Our hospital has been implementing prompt LD for several years, and we present the results in this paper.

Methods: Between January 2014 and December 2020, a total of 438 patients with SAH were included in this retrospective study.

Preliminary Study on Natural Killer Cell Activity for Interferon-Gamma Production after Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Brain Tumors.

Objective: High-dose radiation is well known to induce and modulate the immune system. This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between clinical outcomes and changes in natural killer cell activity (NKA) after Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKS) in patients with brain cancer.

Methods: We performed an open-label, prospective, cross-sectional study of 38 patients who were treated with GKS for brain tumors, including metastatic and benign brain tumors.

Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Large Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions.

Objective: Despite many advancements in endovascular treatment, the benefits of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with large infarctions remain uncertain due to hemorrhagic complications. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of recanalization via MT within 6 hours after stroke in patients with large cerebral infarction volumes (>70 mL).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical data of 30 patients with large lesions on initial diffusion-weighted imaging (>70 mL) who underwent MT at our institution within 6 hours after stroke onset.

Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke with occlusion of the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery: A literature review.

Thanks to new generation devices, mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has substantially evolved and become the standard treatment for patients with acute occlusion of the internal carotid artery or proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) (M1 segment). However, the role and benefit of MT in patients with distal MCA (M2 segment) occlusion remain unclear. Therefore, there is a need for further studies.

Clinical warning signs of life-threatening hematochezia in neurosurgical patients with long-term bed rest: Three cases report.

Rationale: Patients with long term bed rest in intensive care unit after neurosurgery could experience splanchnic hypoperfusion. These patients have several other medical conditions that exacerbate splanchnic hypoperfusion during treatment and the splanchnic hypoperfusion could result in "stress-induced intestinal necrosis", which could cause massive hematochezia. We report here the experience of life-threatening hematochezia in 3 patients who underwent brain surgery in our institution.

Modified Suturing Techniques in Carotid Endarterectomy for Reducing the Cerebral Ischemic Time.

Objective: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is an effective surgical procedure for treating symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis. Many neurosurgeons use a shunt to reduce perioperative ischemic complications. However, the use of shunting is still controversial, and the shunt procedure can cause several complications.

Paintable and writable electrodes using black conductive ink on traditional Korean paper (Hanji).

We demonstrate black conductive ink (BCI) that is writable and paintable on traditional handmade Korean paper (Hanji) for application as a high performing electrode. By optimal mixing of Ag nanowire (Ag NW) suspension and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) solution in standard charcoal-based blank ink, we synthesized BCI suitable for writing and painting on Hanji with a normal paintbrush. Due to the shear stress induced by the paintbrush bristles, the Ag NW and PEDOT:PSS mixture was uniformly coated on the porous cellulose structure of Hanji and showed a low sheet resistance of 11.

Wedge Resection of the Falx to Clip a Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm.

Background: The unilateral anterior interhemispheric approach has been widely used for distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms. However, there are some drawbacks of this approach because of the narrow operative field, including possible brain traction injury, bridging vein injury, and inadequate exposure of the aneurysm. Here, we report a case of a DACA aneurysm covered by the falx that could not be totally exposed with the unilateral interhemispheric approach.

Vasa Vasorum Densities in Human Carotid Atherosclerosis Is Associated with Plaque Development and Vulnerability.

Objective: The extensive vasa vasorum network functions as a conduit for the entry of inflammatory cells or factors that promote the progression of angiogenesis and plaque formation. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between the carotid vasa vasorum activities and carotid plaque vulnerability using indocyanine green video angiography (ICG-VA) during carotid endarterectomy (CEA).

Methods: Sixty-nine patients who underwent CEA were enrolled prospectively from September 2015 to December 2017.

Contralateral Brain Atrophy in Conservatively Treated Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: In patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), brain volume loss can occur in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the hematoma. However, contralateral hemispheric volume change after ICH is not well known. The present study aimed to investigate contralateral brain volume changes in patients with ICH who had not undergone surgery.

Preoperative Considerations in Occipital Artery-high-riding Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Bypass: A Report of Two Cases and a Literature Review.

Nonsaccular vertebral artery aneurysms involving the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) are rare. Treatment is considered a significant challenge because of their angiographic and anatomical features, especially in high-riding PICA. Therefore, meticulous preoperative angiographic and anatomical evaluation is necessary.

Bifrontal Interhemispheric Approach Involving Cutting the Superior Sagittal Sinus for Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms.

Background: The unilateral interhemispheric approach for distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms presents several risks, such as postoperative venous infarction due to occasional sacrifice of parasagittal bridging vein and postoperative frontal lobe damage due to retraction force. To overcome these risks, we used a bifrontal craniotomy with straight dural incision and cutting of the superior sagittal sinus.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 61 patients (42 unruptured and 19 ruptured A2 and A3 aneurysms) who under aneurysm clipping through bifrontal interhemispheric approach between March 2007 and December 2017.

High-performance thin H:SiON OLED encapsulation layer deposited by PECVD at low temperature.

Highly moisture permeation resistive and transparent single layer thin films for the encapsulation of hydrogenated silicon oxynitrides (H:SiON) were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using silane (SiH), nitrous oxide (NO), ammonia (NH), and hydrogen (H) at 100 °C for applications to a top-emission organic light-emitting diode (TEOLED). Addition of H into the PECVD process of SiON film deposition afforded the hydrogenated SiON film, which showed not only improved optical properties such as transmittance and reflectance but also better barrier property to water permeation than PECVD SiON and even SiN . The H:SiON film with thickness of only 80 nm exhibited water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) lower than 5 × 10 g per m per day in the test conditions of 38 °C and 100% humidity, where this WVTR is the measurement limit of the MOCON equipment.

Diagnostic Value of Thrombus Size on T2(*)-weighted Gradient Echo Imaging in Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion.

Objective: The T2(*)-weighted gradient echo image susceptibility vessel sign (GRE SVS) is a well-known indicator of intraluminal thrombi in acute cerebral infarction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between thrombus size on GRE SVS and recanalization after intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA).

Materials And Methods: Fifty five patients with GRE SVSs on the M1 were enrolled.

Oculomotor nerve schwannoma: a case report.

Schwannomas account for about 8% of intracranial tumors and 90% are vestibular schwannomas. Oculomotor schwannoma without neurofibromatosis is extremely rare. A 41-year-old female presented with complaints of blurred vision, and the neurologic examination revealed afferent pupillary defect and decreased visual acuity of the left side.

Heterotopic Ossification after Cervical Arthroplasty with ProDisc-C: Time Course Radiographic Follow-up over 3 years.

Objective: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a well-known complication after total hip replacement. But the occurrence rate by the time-course, clinical effect and risk factors of HO after total cervical disc replacement (TCDR) are not well described. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the occurrence rate by the time-course and risk factors for HO after TCDR with a ProDisc-C.

Fast triggers for a proton injector at PEFP.

A fast timing system has been developed to control transistor transistor logic (TTL) trigger signals which are used to extract the pulsed proton beam from an ion source with the precision of less than submicro seconds. The system has been designed to set a delay and duty of the pulses, respectively, and prohibit the beam pulse by an external interlock signal. The system is based on VME which is composed of VME CPU and fast I/O boards with fan-out modules.

Rhodium-catalyzed ring-opening reactions of N-boc-azabenzonorbornadienes with amine nucleophiles.

In the presence of a rhodium catalyst (5 mol %) generated in situ from [Rh(cod)Cl](2) and (S,S')-(R,R')-C(2)-ferriphos (4a), the asymmetric ring-opening reaction of azabenzonorbornadienes (1a-m) with various aliphatic and aromatic amines (2a-l) proceeded with high enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee) to give the corresponding 1,2-diamine derivatives 3 in high yields. In the specific case of pyrrolidine as nucleophile, Et(3)NHCl was necessary as an additive for good reactivity and enantioselectivity. Additionally, a practical protocol was developed for the ring-opening of 1a with volatile amines at elevated temperatures and standard pressure, using R(2)NH(2)I and i-Pr(2)NEt.

Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric grignard cross-coupling of dinaphthothiophene giving axially chiral 1,1'-binaphthyls.

Asymmetric cross-coupling of dinaphtho[2,1-b:1',2'-d]thiophene with ArMgBr (Ar = Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 4-MeOC6H4) proceeded with high enantioselectivity in THF at 20 degrees C in the presence of 3 mol % of a nickel catalyst generated from Ni(cod)2 and a chiral oxazoline-phosphine ligand to give high yields of axially chiral 2-mercapto-2'-aryl-1,1'-binaphthyls, whose enantiomeric excesses are over 93%. The mercapto group in the chiral binaphthyl was converted into iodo, boryl, and phosphino groups without racemization.