Publications by authors named "Yong-gu Lee"
Article Synopsis
- Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a highly aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with about 40% of patients facing treatment-resistant or recurring disease, highlighting the need for better therapies.
- Researchers developed a new xenograft mouse model using human DLBCL cell lines, which allows for more accurate preclinical studies of the disease.
- The study found that the human IL6-expressing NSG mice supported significant tumor growth and mirrored the aggressive nature of DLBCL, suggesting their potential as a valuable tool for advancing treatment strategies.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigated how post-calcination affects the ability of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide-decorated spent coffee ground biochars (LDH@SCGB) to adsorb arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) from water.
- Post-calcination improved charge properties and active sites in the biochars, leading to increased adsorption capacities for As and Sb compared to regular spent coffee ground biochars (SCGB) and LDH@SCGB.
- The findings suggest that post-calcination enhances selectivity and reusability for As and Sb removal, making PLDH@SCGB an effective option for water treatment applications.
Article Synopsis
- Many patients treated with FDA-approved CAR T cells see their disease progress, especially with solid cancers and certain types of blood cancers like T cell lymphomas.
- A major challenge in adoptive T cell therapies is the dysfunction of CAR T cells, which struggle to expand and last after being infused.
- The study reveals that knocking out the CD5 gene using CRISPR-Cas9 can improve the antitumor abilities of CAR T cells by enhancing their function and persistence, suggesting CD5 as a key target for improving T cell therapies.
Article Synopsis
- - The study identifies the interaction between BTLA on T cells and HVEM on regulatory T cells as a major factor limiting the effectiveness of T cell-based immunotherapies in tumors.
- - High levels of BTLA in CAR T cells are linked to poorer treatment outcomes, prompting researchers to delete BTLA to improve the T cells' tumor-fighting abilities.
- - By removing BTLA, T cells show enhanced signaling and function, suggesting that targeting the BTLA-HVEM interaction could boost the success of CAR T cell therapies.
Article Synopsis
- This study focuses on the need for efficient and cost-effective methods to measure important characteristics of CAR T cells during their manufacturing process, as the popularity of these therapies is rising.
- Researchers compared a new device called the Moxi GO II with established devices, the Multisizer Coulter Counter and BD LSRFortessa, to evaluate cell number, size, viability, and basic features of CAR T cells.
- Findings show that the Moxi GO II can accurately provide these measurements and is comparable to the gold standard instruments, making it a promising tool for monitoring CAR T-cell characteristics in both research and clinical settings.
Safety and efficacy of a novel anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cell product targeting a membrane-proximal domain of CD19 with fast on- and off-rates against non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a first-in-human study.
Yunlin Zhang Ruchi P Patel Ki Hyun Kim Hyungwoo Cho Jae-Cheol Jo Ji Hyun Lee Yong Gu Lee Hyun-Jong Lee Tae Bum Lee Young-Ha Lee Yong-Jun Lee Yoon Lee Jong-Seo Lee
Mol Cancer
December 2023
Article Synopsis
- - Researchers hypothesized that developing a novel anti-CD19 scFv, h1218, could improve the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapies for patients with relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, addressing issues linked to the commonly used FMC63 variant.
- - The new h1218-CART19 product demonstrated superior performance in preclinical studies, effectively targeting lymphoma cells that had developed resistance to FMC63 and showing enhanced anti-cancer activity due to reduced cell death and better cell expansion.
- - A phase I clinical trial was initiated to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of h1218-CART19 in patients with relapsed or refractory NHL, building on promising preclinical findings.
Article Synopsis
- Biochars from food and agricultural waste can effectively remove heavy metal ions from wastewater, but predicting their adsorption capacity is complicated due to their varying characteristics and the different experimental conditions used.* -
- An advanced model called FT-transformer was developed using machine learning, achieving a high accuracy in predicting adsorption capacity, identifying key factors like adsorption conditions as the most influential for performance.* -
- The study suggests optimal conditions for using biochars, particularly those made from banana peels, and highlights important environmental implications of using biochar as a sustainable solution for heavy metal removal.*
Article Synopsis
- Carbonate alkalinity is vital for managing pH and buffering in natural waters, making its precise measurement key to water quality and ecosystem health.
- Conventional methods like potentiometric titration struggle with accuracy under certain conditions, such as low alkalinity or high levels of organic and inorganic materials.
- A new method using a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer has been developed, offering reliable and rapid measurements of carbonate alkalinity, even in challenging conditions, which has important implications for environmental monitoring.
Article Synopsis
- - Benzoic acid (BA) is a common inhibitor that causes plant autotoxicity in closed hydroponic systems, and this study explored ways to reduce its negative effects through oxidation treatments with different concentrations of ozone (O) and hydrogen peroxide (HO).
- - While ozone treatment alone slightly improved BA degradation (up to 14.1%) without effectively reducing germination or root growth inhibition, the combined O/HO treatment significantly enhanced BA degradation (up to 24.8%) and reduced growth inhibition rates considerably.
- - The study identified the optimal treatment condition as the O/HO combination with specific concentrations (BA 1-8), which not only achieved the highest mineralization of BA but also showed reasonable operating costs for
Article Synopsis
- * LDH@CWGB showed significantly higher adsorption capacities for PO (6.98 mgP/g) and NO (2.82 mgN/g) compared to regular coffee ground waste biochars, which improved adsorption was attributed to the addition of Mg/Al oxides and Cl.
- * When tested on garden cress seeds, PO- and NO-loaded LDH@CWGB resulted
Article Synopsis
- Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of cancer treatment, with methods like immune checkpoint blockade and T-cell transfer showing great success in fighting various cancer types.
- A major challenge is that cancer cells often resist apoptosis (programmed cell death), making them harder to eliminate; improving their susceptibility to apoptosis is crucial for effective treatment.
- The review highlights current strategies to enhance T-cell therapies by increasing cancer cell apoptosis sensitivity while also addressing how apoptosis affects the survival of T-cells in the tumor environment.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined how well pristine pine sawdust biochar (PSB) and post-modified PSB with Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (PSB-LDH) adsorb the azo dyes Methyl Orange (MO) and Sunset Yellow FCF (SYF).
- Despite having a lower specific surface area, PSB-LDH showed significantly better adsorption capacity for both dyes compared to PSB, indicating the successful functionalization of LDH.
- The adsorption kinetics were identified as pseudo-second-order chemisorption, with PSB-LDH demonstrating strong reusability (over 81.2%) even after multiple cycles of dye removal.
Article Synopsis
- Studies highlight the role of gut microbes in enhancing T cell function during cancer checkpoint immunotherapy.
- This research indicates that vancomycin-induced changes in gut microbiota improve the effectiveness of CAR T cell therapy in mice with lymphoma and melanoma.
- Clinical observations reveal that leukemia patients receiving CART-19 therapy while on vancomycin had a stronger therapeutic response, suggesting gut microbiota modulation could enhance CAR T cell treatment outcomes across different cancers.
Article Synopsis
- * Hydrophobic dissolved organic matter (DOM) primarily caused fouling in the HFUF membranes, while hydrophilic DOM led to more severe fouling in the MBUF membranes, due to their differing surface characteristics.
- * MBUF membranes experienced greater performance decline due to fouling compared to HFUF membranes, and using alkaline cleaning agents was found to be crucial for restoring MBUF membrane performance after fouling incidents.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the ability of spent coffee ground biochar (SCGB) and bismuth-impregnated spent coffee ground biochar (Bi@SCGB) to adsorb radioactive iodine, which can adversely impact human health, particularly the thyroid.
- Bi@SCGB demonstrates a significantly higher adsorption capacity for radioactive iodine (253.71 μg/g) compared to SCGB (23.32 μg/g), with the adsorption influenced by pH levels and electrostatic interactions.
- The research reveals that chemisorption plays a vital role in the process, with SCGB adsorption occurring exothermically and Bi@SCGB showing endothermic behavior; the mechanisms shift from electrostatic attraction to surface precipitation upon
Article Synopsis
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) immunotherapy shows promise for treating B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but around two-thirds of patients do not respond effectively.
- A study found that chromosomal alterations in the BCL-2 gene, which helps cancer cells resist apoptosis, are linked to decreased survival rates in patients treated with anti-CD19 CART.
- To improve efficacy, researchers created venetoclax-resistant CART cells by modifying BCL-2 and found that this approach, combined with venetoclax, enhanced anti-tumor activity, suggesting new strategies for improving CART therapy in resistant lymphoma cases.
Article Synopsis
- CAR T cell therapies are effective for blood cancers but struggle with solid tumors, largely due to barriers like cancer cell diversity and immune suppression.
- Researchers used a folate-targeted TLR7 agonist (FA-TLR7-1A) to convert immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) into pro-inflammatory cells, improving CAR T cell therapy outcomes in solid tumors.
- This approach not only increases the effectiveness of CAR T treatments by enhancing T cell activity and accumulation in tumors but does so without causing harmful systemic immune activation or weight loss.
Article Synopsis
- - The study examined the cleaning efficiency of fouled ultrafiltration membranes in a pilot-scale surface water treatment setup, focusing on how different cleaning solutions affect performance.
- - Results showed that combining a basic cleaning agent, NaOH, with HCl in the first cleaning sequence (CS-1) was much more effective in removing organic fouling compared to the reverse sequence (CS-2).
- - Overall, the research indicated that the order of cleaning agents used plays a critical role in restoring membrane performance, as alkaline conditions help enhance the penetration of acidic agents into tough fouling layers.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to investigate the optimal duration for transitioning from intravenous (IV) to oral amiodarone in patients who underwent cardiothoracic surgery and experienced postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF).
- The research involved 184 patients and found that 24.5% experienced AF recurrence within 24 hours after stopping IV amiodarone.
- Results indicated that there was no significant link between the overlap duration of IV and oral amiodarone and AF recurrence, bradycardia, or hypotension, suggesting a flexible approach for transition without specific timing requirements.
Article Synopsis
- - The study aimed to create an early warning system for predicting harmful algal blooms, using machine learning models (ANN and SVM) with eight years of data to enhance decision-making and management practices.
- - A significant challenge faced was the class imbalance in alert level data, which affected the models' performance; this was addressed by generating synthetic data using the ADASYN method.
- - The models using both original and synthetic data showed improved prediction accuracy for critical alert levels, especially the transition from normal conditions to bloom formation, indicating enhanced efficiency in monitoring harmful algal blooms.
Article Synopsis
- Membranes are effective at blocking harmful microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria, from air and water.
- Adding antiviral and antibacterial nanoparticles to these membranes enhances their ability to not just filter, but also kill pathogens.
- The article discusses how these advanced membrane filters are designed, the challenges faced in their development, and future possibilities for their use.
Article Synopsis
- - The final step in influenza virus replication involves the assembly and budding of the virus from infected cells, with distinct markers like neuraminidase and hemagglutinin present on infected cell surfaces.
- - Researchers have modified zanamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor, to create targeted imaging and therapeutic agents to identify and treat influenza-infected cells specifically.
- - Innovations include a fluorescent dye for observing the virus in cells, a radioimaging agent for tracking virus distribution in mice, and a targeted cytotoxic drug that selectively kills infected cells, showing potential for improved diagnosis and treatment of influenza infections.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the adsorption effectiveness of radioactive barium, cobalt, and strontium ions using two types of spent coffee waste biochars: pristine (SCWB-P) and chemically activated with NaOH (SCWB-A), finding SCWB-A to be significantly more efficient.
- Results show that SCWB-A achieved removal efficiencies ranging from 76.6-97.3%, compared to 45.6-75.2% for SCWB-P, with the adsorption order being Ba(II) > Sr(II) > Co(II), influenced by the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups.
- The adsorption mechanisms shifted from physisorption in SCWB-P to chemisorption in SCWB-A due to alkaline treatment
Article Synopsis
- CD22 serves as an alternative target for immunotherapy in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially after patients relapse from CD19-directed CAR T cell treatments.
- In two pilot clinical trials (NCT02588456 and NCT02650414), researchers evaluated a CD22-targeting CAR T cell using a 4-1BB-based design, focusing on safety and antileukemic efficacy, but found unexpectedly low response rates.
- Further investigation revealed that modifying the CAR's linker led to improved receptor function through autonomous signaling, suggesting that this signaling enhances CAR T cell efficacy and informing the development of a new CAR construct for clinical testing.
Article Synopsis
- Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer have greatly improved cancer treatment but understanding tumor resistance remains challenging.
- New technologies, particularly single-cell RNA sequencing, are providing detailed insights into the tumor microenvironment and immune system that traditional bulk genomics can't capture.
- This technique has identified important factors and cell types that influence tumor behavior, paving the way for the development of more effective immunotherapies in the future.