Kinsenoside: A Promising Bioactive Compound from Anoectochilus Species.

Kinsenoside is a main active component isolated from plants of the genus Anoectochilus, and exhibits many biological activities and pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotective, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperliposis, anti-inflammatory, vascular protective and anti-osteoporosis effects and so on, which is contributing to its promising potency in disease treatments. This review aims to recapitulate the pharmacological functions of kinsenoside, as well as its source, extraction, identification, quantitative analysis, pharmacokinetics, synthesis and patent information. The data reported in this work can confirm the therapeutic potential of kinsenoside and provide useful information for further new drug development.

Kadcoccinones A-F, New Biogenetically Related Lanostane-Type Triterpenoids with Diverse Skeletons from Kadsura coccinea.

Six new lanostane-related triterpenoids, kadcoccinones A-F (1-6), were isolated from Kadsura coccinea. Compound 3 possesses a novel 6/6/9-fused carbocyclic core containing a rare oxabicyclo[4.3.

Coumarin derivatives from Ainsliaea fragrans and their anticoagulant activity.

Coumarin derivatives are an important class of C6-C3 plant metabolites that show a variety of bioactivities. Currently, most clinical anticoagulant agents are coumarins, such as warfarin, dicoumarol and acenocoumarol, and patients taking these drugs must be monitored for adverse reactions. In a search for safe and effective anticoagulant compounds from Chinese herbal medicine, a screening procedure on the whole plant of Ainsliaea fragrans was performed.

Indole diketopiperazines from endophytic Chaetomium sp 88194 induce breast cancer cell apoptotic death.

Diketopiperazines are important secondary metabolites of the fungi with variety bioactivities. Several species belonging to genus Chaetomium produce compounds of this class, such as chetomin. To identify new antitumor agents, secondary metabolites of fungus Chaetomium sp 88194 were investigated and three new indole diketopiperazines, Chaetocochins G (1), Oidioperazines E (2) and Chetoseminudin E (3), along with two known compounds Chetoseminudins C (4) and N-acetyl-β-oxotryptamine (5), were obtained.

Five new secondary metabolites produced by a marine-associated fungus, Daldinia eschscholzii.

Five new compounds, including a benzopyran ribonic glycoside, daldiniside A (1), two isocoumarin ribonic glycosides, daldinisides B (2) and C (3), and two alkaloids, 1-(3-indolyl)-2R,3-dihydroxypropan-1-one (4) and 3-ethyl-2, 5-pyrazinedipropanoic acid (5), along with five known compounds (6-10), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the marine-associated fungus, Daldinia eschscholzii. Their structures were elucidated by extensive physicochemical and spectroscopic properties, besides comparison with literature data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-3 were corroborated by chemical transformation, GC analysis and X-ray crystallographic analysis.

New norclerodane diterpenoids from the tubers of Dioscorea bulbifera.

Phytochemical investigations of the tubers of Dioscorea bulbifera L. resulted in the isolation of nine norclerodane diterpenoids, including two new compounds, diosbulbins N (1) and P (3), a new naturally occurring compound, diosbulbin O (2), and six known ones, diosbulbins A-D, F and G (4-9). Their structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Isodon coetsa and their cytotoxicity.

Three new compounds (1-3), including a neolignan, a triterpenoid, and a diterpenoid, together with twenty known compounds (4-23), were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon coetsa. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1, 3, 5-9, 11-13, 16-17, and 19-23 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HT-29, BEL-7402, and SK-OV-3 human tumor cell lines.

Structure and cytotoxicity of diterpenoids from Isodon adenolomus.

Twelve new diterpenoids, isoadenolins A-L (1-12), and 24 known ones were isolated from the aerial parts of Isodon adenolomus. Their structures were identified using spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations of 1 and 14 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Selected compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against human tumor HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW-480 cell lines.

Henrischinins A-C: three new triterpenoids from Schisandra henryi.

Three novel triterpenoids, henrischinins A-C (1-3), featuring the unique motif of a 3-one-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]-octane, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra henryi.

Nortriterpenoids and lignans from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis.

Phytochemical investigation of the fruit of Schisandra chinensis led to the isolation of a schisanartane nortriterpenoid, schindilactone H (1); an 18-norschiartane bisnortriterpenoid, wuweizidilactone I (2); two tetrahydrofuran-type lignans, schinlignins A and B (18 and 19); and three dibenzyl butane-type lignans, schineolignins A-C (20-22), together with 16 known compounds. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data.

Chemical constituents from the leaves and stems of Schisandra lancifolia.

A new nortriterpenoid, 20-hydroxymicrandilactone D (1) and a novel lignan glycoside, lancilignanside A (2) were isolated from leaves and stems of Schisandra lancifolia, together with three known nortriterpenoids (3-5) and nine known phenolics (6-14). The structures of new compounds 1 and 2 were determined by detailed analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and chemical evidences. In addition, compounds 1-2, 6-7, and 9-11 showed anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 activities with 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) in the range of 3.

Cytotoxic triterpene dilactones from the stems of Kadsura ananosma.

Six new triterpene dilactones with a rare rearranged pentacyclic skeleton, longipedlactones K-P (1-6), and seven known analogues (7-13) were isolated from the stems of Kadsura ananosma. Compound 1 was found to possess a unique peroxide bridge between C-1 and C-9 in rings A and B. The structures of these new compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, especially of their 2D NMR spectra.