Efficacy and Safety of PARP Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses.

Prostate cancer is a significant cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have been shown to improve progression-free survival, especially in patients with BRCA1/2 mutations and deficiencies in homologous recombination repair (HRR). We conducted systematic reviews and meta-analyses and found that PARPi, combined with androgen receptor inhibitors, significantly improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in BRCA1/2-mutant and HRR-deficient patients.

Tritium diffusion in a LiTiO crystal terminated with the (001) surface from first-principles calculations.

The tritium release behavior of the Li2TiO3 crystal has become an important index to evaluate its comprehensive performance as a solid breeder material in nuclear fusion reactors. The tritium diffusion on the surface (surface diffusion) and diffusion from the inside to the surface (hopping diffusion) in Li2TiO3 crystals with a 1/3-Li(001) surface are systematically investigated by the first-principles method. Possible adsorption sites, diffusion pathways and energy barriers of surface diffusion and hopping diffusion have been calculated and analyzed, respectively.

First-Principles Study of Tritium Diffusion in the LiTaO Crystal.

LiTaO with a high melting point, good thermal stability, and higher lithium content has become a possible choice for breeder materials, which have potential applications in future fusion reactors. Perfect and defect crystal models of LiTaO are set up, and all of the tritium-diffusion pathways have been studied by the first-principles method. The activation energy barriers of different diffusion pathways are calculated and analyzed considering the pathway length and tritium-oxygen interactions.

First Principles Study of Tritium Diffusion in Li₂TiO₃ Crystal with Lithium Vacancy.

Li₂TiO₃ is one of the most significant breeder materials and has potential applications in future fusion reactors. Defect models with three types of lithium vacancies were considered to study the diffusion behavior of tritium in Li₂TiO₃ by the density functional theory calculations. The possible tritium adsorption sites inside the lithium vacancy were examined and analyzed.