Association of smoking cessation with dynapenia among older lifetime smokers in Korea.

Introduction: Muscle strength is known to play an important role in the health of older adults. The health burden of cigarette smoking among older adults remains significant. We investigated the association between smoking cessation and dynapenia among older lifetime smokers in Korea.

9,10-KODA, an α-ketol produced by the tonoplast-localized 9-lipoxygenase ZmLOX5, plays a signaling role in maize defense against insect herbivory.

13-Lipoxygenases (LOXs) initiate the synthesis of jasmonic acid (JA), the best-understood oxylipin hormone in herbivory defense. However, the roles of 9-LOX-derived oxylipins in insect resistance remain unclear. Here, we report a novel anti-herbivory mechanism mediated by a tonoplast-localized 9-LOX, ZmLOX5, and its linolenic acid-derived product, 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (9,10-KODA).

Which obesity index is the most useful marker for predicting hepatic steatosis in children and adolescents with obesity? A cross-sectional study using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the relationships between hepatic steatosis and various indices of obesity, and to identify the most useful index for the prediction of hepatic steatosis in children and adolescents with obesity.

Methods: A total of 226 children and adolescents with a mean body mass index (BMI) z-score of 2.65 and a mean age of 11.

Global spatial distribution of Chromolaena odorata habitat under climate change: random forest modeling of one of the 100 worst invasive alien species.

Anthropogenic activities and global climate change increase the risk of Chromolaena odorata invasion and habitat expansion. To predict its global distribution and habitat suitability under climate change, a random forest (RF) model was employed. The RF model, utilizing default parameters, analyzed species presence data and background information.

Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on the Habitat Distribution of Parthenium hysterophorus around the World and in South Korea.

The global climate change, including increases in temperature and precipitation, may exacerbate the invasion by . . Here, MaxEnt modeling was performed to predict .

Deep Learning Techniques for Ear Diseases Based on Segmentation of the Normal Tympanic Membrane.

Objectives: Otitis media is a common infection worldwide. Owing to the limited number of ear specialists and rapid development of telemedicine, several trials have been conducted to develop novel diagnostic strategies to improve the diagnostic accuracy and screening of patients with otologic diseases based on abnormal otoscopic findings. Although these strategies have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for the tympanic membrane (TM), the insufficient explainability of these techniques limits their deployment in clinical practice.

The effect of sex and physical frailty on incident disability after 2 years among community-dwelling older adults: KFACS study.

Background: This study investigated the impact of physical frailty on the development of disabilities in mobility, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) according to sex among community-dwelling Korean older adults.

Methods: We used data of 2,905 older adults aged 70-84 years from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) at baseline (2016-2017) and Wave 2 (2018-2019). Fried's physical frailty phenotype was used to identify frailty.

Gender differences in risk factors for the 2 year development of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults.

Background: Sarcopenia is an age-related chronic condition that can lead to mobility disabilities. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for incident sarcopenia in older Korean adults.

Methods: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) is a multicentre prospective study with a baseline examination in 2016-2017.

Association between Dietary Protein Intake, Regular Exercise, and Low Back Pain among Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults without Osteoarthritis of the Lumbar Spine.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary protein intake and regular exercise on low back pain (LBP) using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 2367 middle-aged and older adults (≥50 years) who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and plain radiography of the lumbar spine were included. LBP was defined using a questionnaire to determine the presence of LBP lasting more than 30 days in the preceding three months.

[Job Analysis of Nurse Care Coordinators for Chronic Illness Management in Primary Care Settings: Using Developing a Curriculum Process].

Purpose: This study aimed to conduct a job analysis of nurse carecoordinators and to identify the frequency, importance and difficulty of each task of their job.

Methods: A committee for developing a curriculum (DACUM) was formed and members of the committee defined nurse care coordinators' jobs and enumerated the duties, tasks and task elements by applying the DACUM technique. Then nurse care coordinators enrolled in the pilot project evaluated the frequency, importance and difficulty of each task.

Assessment of the Spatial Invasion Risk of Intentionally Introduced Alien Plant Species (IIAPS) under Environmental Change in South Korea.

Predicting the regions at risk of invasion from IIAPS is an integral horizon-scanning activity that plays a crucial role in preventing, controlling, and eradicating invasive species. Here, we quantify the spatial distribution area and invasion risk of IIAPS using a species distribution model under different levels of environmental change in South Korea. From the model predictions, the current average spatial extent of the 10 IIAPS is 33,948 km, and the individual spatial extents are estimated to change by -7% to 150% by 2050 and by -9% to 156% by 2070.

Impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on the risk of sarcopenia: a nationwide multicenter prospective study.

Background And Aims: Despite the association between sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), no study has evaluated the predictive role of NAFLD in sarcopenia. We investigated impact of NAFLD on the risk of low muscle mass (LMM) and low muscle strength (LMS) in a nationwide multicenter study.

Methods: A total of 1595 community-dwelling people aged 70-84 years were followed for 2 years in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.

Factors that Predict Smoking Cessation among Older Koreans: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018.

Background: Tobacco smoking is associated with several diseases and deaths in older Koreans. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with smoking cessation in older Koreans.

Methods: We selected 579 subjects who started smoking before the age of 65 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018.

Association of plasma FGF21 levels with muscle mass and muscle strength in a national multicentre cohort study: Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.

Background: despite of the beneficial effects of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 in several metabolic diseases, the association of plasma FGF21 with muscle mass and muscle strength is still unclear.

Methods: a total of 386 community-dwelling older adults aged 70-84 years were analysed. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and normalised to the square of height (ASM/ht2).

Extracts Improve Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment via Activation of the Cholinergic System and Anti-Neuroinflammation in Mice.

(AH) is a medicinal food that has been used in Southeast Asia for various physiological activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the activation of the cholinergic system and the anti-neuroinflammation effects of AH on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. Scopolamine (1 mg/kg body weight, i.

Induces Maize-Derived Ethylene to Promote Virulence by Engaging Fungal G-Protein Signaling.

Seed maceration and contamination with mycotoxin fumonisin inflicted by is a major disease concern for maize producers worldwide. Meta-analyses of quantitative trait loci for Fusarium ear rot resistance uncovered several ethylene (ET) biosynthesis and signaling genes within them, implicating ET in maize interactions with . We tested this hypothesis using maize knockout mutants of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthases and .

Simultaneous profiling of and MO6-24/O transcriptomes by dual RNA-seq analysis.

We previously demonstrated that a marine bacterial pathogen isolated from sea foods modulated gene expression levels and defense responses of a land plant . Although the interaction between and was verified under artificial and greenhouse conditions, the simultaneous changes in host and pathogen transcriptomes remained obscure. In this study, we simultaneously analyzed the transcriptome of MO6-24/O and by dual RNA-sequencing analysis.

Understanding Plant Social Networking System: Avoiding Deleterious Microbiota but Calling Beneficials.

Plant association with microorganisms elicits dramatic effects on the local phytobiome and often causes systemic and transgenerational modulation on plant immunity against insect pests and microbial pathogens. Previously, we introduced the concept of the plant social networking system (pSNS) to highlight the active involvement of plants in the recruitment of potentially beneficial microbiota upon exposure to insects and pathogens. Microbial association stimulates the physiological responses of plants and induces the development of their immune mechanisms while interacting with multiple enemies.

Fall predictors beyond fall risk assessment tool items for acute hospitalized older adults: a matched case-control study.

We investigated whether clinical factors including comorbidities, medications, and laboratory results predict inpatient fall risk in older adults. The participants in this case-control study included hospitalized older adults with acute conditions who had falls during their hospital stay (case group) and 410 hospitalized older adults who did not experience falls (control group). Data on medical history, fall risk assessment (Morse Fall Scale; MFS), medications, and laboratory results were obtained.

Prediction of Coronary Artery Calcium Score Using Machine Learning in a Healthy Population.

Background: Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) is a reliable predictor for future cardiovascular disease risk. Although deep learning studies using computed tomography (CT) images to predict CACS have been reported, no study has assessed the feasibility of machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict the CACS using clinical variables in a healthy general population. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether ML algorithms other than binary logistic regression (BLR) could predict high CACS in a healthy population with general health examination data.

Sex differences in sarcopenia and frailty among community-dwelling Korean older adults with diabetes: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study.

Aims/introduction: We aimed to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia and frailty in Korean older adults with diabetes compared with individuals without diabetes.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the data of 2,403 participants aged 70-84 years enrolled in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health.

Korean frailty and aging cohort study (KFACS): cohort profile.

Purpose: The purpose of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) is to initiate a nationwide, population-based prospective cohort study of older adults living in the community to assess their frailty status and explore transitions between frailty states over time in Korea.

Participants: The KFACS is a multicentre longitudinal study with the baseline survey conducted from May 2016 to November 2017. Each centre recruited participants using quota sampling stratified by age and sex.

Factors Associated with the Intention to Quit Smoking in Elderly Korean Men: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2015.

Background: Tobacco smoking is the most preventable cause of diseases and death in older adults. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with the intention to quit smoking in elderly Korean men.

Methods: We investigated 813 male smokers aged 65 years or more from the 5th and 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2015.

Handgrip strength, dynapenia, and mental health in older Koreans.

This study examined associations between muscle strength and mental health among 2,652 elderly Koreans who participated in the 2015 and 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We measured absolute handgrip strength and calculated handgrip strength relative to body mass index. Dynapenia criteria followed that of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.

Association Between Sodium Density and Grip Strength Among Older Korean Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: Handgrip strength is a key diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia, and sodium is an essential mineral for muscle contraction. We investigated the association between grip strength and sodium intake using sodium density.

Patients And Methods: A total of 2982 older adults (aged ≥65 years) from the 2014-2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included.