Development of a multi-channel visible bremsstrahlung measurement system for the effective charge in the versatile experiment spherical torus (VEST).

A diagnostic system for measuring the effective charge in the versatile experiment spherical torus (VEST) has been developed. The system utilizes a toroidal array to observe the plasma radius on the low magnetic field side, providing a spatially resolved Zeff. The target wavelength of visible bremsstrahlung (VB) was carefully selected to avoid contamination by line emissions.

Synthesis mechanism from graphene quantum dots to carbon nanotubes by ion-sputtering assisted chemical vapor deposition.

We present the first work of the synthesis mechanism from graphene quantum dots (GQDs) to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by an ion-sputtering assisted chemical vapor deposition. During the annealing process, a Pt thin film deposited by the ion-sputtering was dewetted and agglomerated to form many nanometer-sized particles, leading to Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs) that can act as catalysts for creating carbon allotropes. The shape of the allotropes can be effectively tailored from GQDs to CNTs by controlling three key parameters such as the dose of catalytic ions (D), amounts of carbon source (S), and thermal energy (T).

Cross-section measurements for Zn(p,2p)Cu and Zn(p,2n)Ga reactions using a newly developed separation method for the superposed [Formula: see text]-ray spectra.

We have developed a new analytical peak separation analysis for superposed [Formula: see text]-ray peaks on [Formula: see text]Cu and [Formula: see text]Ga to measure the [Formula: see text]Zn(p,2p)[Formula: see text]Cu and [Formula: see text]Zn(p,2n)[Formula: see text]Ga reactions, unlike in most previous works that were employing a radiochemical separation to measure them. Based on the nuclear data such as the [Formula: see text]-ray intensity and the half-life for each nuclide, we may develop a new analytical method that enables us to estimate the respective counts arising from each nuclide, thereby obtaining the nuclear reactions. The newly developed analytical method can universally be applied to separate the superposed [Formula: see text]-ray spectra of any two nuclides, especially superior in separating the nuclides with different half-lives.

Field-of-view enhanced integral imaging with dual prism arrays based on perspective-dependent pixel mapping.

A field-of-view (FOV)-enhanced integral imaging system is proposed by the combined use of micro-lens array (MLA) and dual-prism array (DPA). The MLA coupled with a DPA virtually function as a new type of the MLA whose FOV is much more increased than that of the original MLA, which enables the capturing of perspective-expanded elemental image arrays (EIAs) of input 3-D scenes and the FOV-enhanced reconstruction of them. For its practical operation, a two-step digital process called perspective-dependent pixel-mapping (PDPM) is also presented.

Compact full-color holographic 3-D display based on undersampled computer-generated holograms and oblique projection imaging.

A compact full-color electro-holographic three-dimensional (3-D) display with undersampled computer-generated holograms (US-CGHs) and oblique projection imaging (OPI) is proposed. For its realization, undersampling conditions of the CGH enabling the complete recovery of image information are derived, and the OPI-based longitudinal-to-lateral depth conversion (LTL-DC) scheme allowing the simple reconstruction of full-color images is also proposed. Three-color off-axis US-CGHs are generated with their center-shifted principle fringe patterns (CS-PFPs) of the novel look-up table (NLUT) method, where center-shifts are calculated with the derived undersampling conditions of the CGH based on the generalized sampling theorem, and then multiplexed into the color-multiplexed hologram (CMH).

A mechanism of surface hardness enhancement for H irradiated polycarbonate.

H irradiation increases the surface hardness of polycarbonate. Nano indentation measurement shows that the hardness increases up to 3.7 GPa at the dose of 5 × 10 # cm and at the irradiation energy of 150 keV.

Evidence of a turbulent ExB mixing avalanche mechanism of gas breakdown in strongly magnetized systems.

Although gas breakdown phenomena have been intensively studied over 100 years, the breakdown mechanism in a strongly magnetized system, such as tokamak, has been still obscured due to complex electromagnetic topologies. There has been a widespread misconception that the conventional breakdown model of the unmagnetized system can be directly applied to the strongly magnetized system. However, we found clear evidence that existing theories cannot explain the experimental results.

Superheating and melting within aluminum core-oxide shell nanoparticles for a broad range of heating rates: multiphysics phase field modeling.

The external surface of metallic particles is usually covered by a thin and strong oxide shell, which significantly affects superheating and melting of particles. The effects of geometric parameters and heating rate on characteristic melting and superheating temperatures and melting behavior of aluminum nanoparticles covered by an oxide shell were studied numerically. For this purpose, the multiphysics model that includes the phase field model for surface melting, a dynamic equation of motion, a mechanical model for stress and strain simulations, interface and surface stresses, and the thermal conduction model including thermoelastic and thermo-phase transformation coupling as well as transformation dissipation rate was formulated.

Coupled phase field, heat conduction, and elastodynamic simulations of kinetic superheating and nanoscale melting of aluminum nanolayer irradiated by picosecond laser.

An advanced continuum model for nanoscale melting and kinetic superheating of an aluminum nanolayer irradiated by a picosecond laser is formulated. Barrierless nucleation of surface premelting and melting occurs, followed by a propagation of two solid-melt interfaces toward each other and their collision. For a slow heating rate of Q = 0.

Time-sequential autostereoscopic 3-D display with a novel directional backlight system based on volume-holographic optical elements.

A novel directional backlight system based on volume-holographic optical elements (VHOEs) is demonstrated for time-sequential autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3-D) flat-panel displays. Here, VHOEs are employed to control the direction of light for a time-multiplexed display for each of the left and the right view. Those VHOEs are fabricated by recording interference patterns between collimated reference beams and diverging object beams for each of the left and right eyes on the volume holographic recording material.

Botulinum toxin A affects early capsule formation around silicone implants in a rat model.

Capsular contracture is one of the most common complications resulting from implants placed during mammoplasty and rhinoplasty, and there is no definitive solution or a method for preventing it. Recent reports suggest that botulinum toxin A (BoTA) is effective at reducing keloid scars clinically. Peri-implant capsules are histologically similar to keloid scars and hypertrophic scars.

Depth-extended integral imaging system based on a birefringence lens array providing polarization switchable focal lengths.

An integral imaging system enabling extended depth of field was proposed and demonstrated based on a birefringence lens array (BLA) whose focal length was switched via the light polarization. The lens array system was constructed by combining two different liquid crystal(LC) embedded lens arrays, BLA I and II, which were fabricated by injecting a ZLI-4119 LC and an E-7 LC in between a lens array substrate and an ITO (indium-tin-oxide) glass plate respectively. The BLA I played a role as a convex lens only for the polarization parallel to the ordinary axis of the corresponding LC, but it serves as a plain medium for that along its extraordinary one since the refractive indexes of the lens and the LC are almost identical.