Direct electrochemistry and electrochemical catalysis of immobilized hemoglobin in an ethanol-water mixture.

Hemoglobin (Hb) was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface by konjac glucomannan (KGM). KGM hydrogel films on GCE have relatively high stabilities in aqueous-ethanol mixtures. The entrapped hemoglobin undergoes fast direct electron transfer reactions in aqueous-organic solvent mixtures.