Role of Brassica rapa SWEET genes in the defense response to Plasmodiophora brassicae.

Background: Interactions of plants with biotic stress factors including bacteria, fungi, and viruses have been extensively investigated to date. Plasmodiophora brassicae, a protist pathogen, causes clubroot disease in Cruciferae plants. Infection of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) plants with P.

The effect of chitosan and β-cyclodextrin on glucosinolate biosynthesis in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (Chinese cabbage) shoot culture.

Chitosan is a polycationic polysaccharide derived from chitin, and β-cyclodextrin is a type of macrocyclic oligosaccharide linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. These compounds are recognized as effective elicitors in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants. These elicitors were studied to assess the growth of shoots and the synthesis of glucosinolates (GSLs) from elicited shoots in Chinese cabbage under controlled in vitro conditions for the first time.

RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 Positively Regulate the Expression of Gene and Pattern-Triggered Immunity.

The importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases from different families for plant immune signaling has been confirmed. Plant RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are members of the E3 ligase superfamily and have been shown to play positive or negative roles during the regulation of various steps of plant immunity. Here, we present Arabidopsis RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 which act as positive regulators of flg22- and SA-mediated defense signaling.

Jasmonate regulates plant resistance to by inducing indole glucosinolate biosynthesis.

() is a necrotrophic bacterium that causes the soft rot disease in . However, the mechanisms underlying plant immune responses against necrotrophic bacterial pathogens with a broad host range are still not well understood. Using a flg22-triggered seedling growth inhibition (SGI) assay with 455 inbred lines, we selected six flagellin-insensitive lines (fin2-7) and three flagellin-sensitive lines (fs1-3).

Identification of accession-specific variants and development of KASP markers for assessing the genetic makeup of Brassica rapa seeds.

Background: Most crop seeds are F1 hybrids. Seed providers and plant breeders must be confident that the seed supplied to growers is of known, and uniform, genetic makeup. This requires maintenance of pure genotypes of the parental lines and testing to ensure the genetic purity of the F1 seed.

Starch content changes and metabolism-related gene regulation of Chinese cabbage synergistically induced by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection.

Clubroot is one of the major diseases adversely affecting Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) yield and quality. To precisely characterize the Plasmodiophora brassicae infection on Chinese cabbage, we developed a dual fluorescent staining method for simultaneously examining the pathogen, cell structures, and starch grains. The number of starch (amylopectin) grains increased in B.

Early Defense Mechanisms of in Response to Attack by pv. .

Black rot disease, caused by pv. (), results in significant yield losses in crops worldwide. To find black rot disease-resistant cabbage lines, we carried out pathogenicity assays using the scissor-clipping method in 94 different lines.

Optimization of Protoplast Isolation from Leaf Mesophylls of Chinese Cabbage ( ssp. ) and Subsequent Transfection with a Binary Vector.

Chinese cabbage is an important dietary source of numerous phytochemicals, including glucosinolates and anthocyanins. The selection and development of elite Chinese cabbage cultivars with favorable traits is hindered by a long breeding cycle, a complex genome structure, and the lack of an efficient plant transformation protocol. Thus, a protoplast transfection-based transformation method may be useful for cell-based breeding and functional studies involving Chinese cabbage plants.

Genetic Diversity of Genes Controlling Unilateral Incompatibility in Japanese Cultivars of Chinese Cabbage.

In recent years, unilateral incompatibility (UI), which is an incompatibility system for recognizing and rejecting foreign pollen that operates in one direction, has been shown to be closely related to self-incompatibility (SI) in . The stigma- and pollen-side recognition factors ( and , respectively) of this UI are similar to those of SI (stigma-side and pollen-side ), indicating that and interact with each other and cause pollen-pistil incompatibility only when a specific genotype is pollinated. To clarify the genetic diversity of and in Japanese , here we investigated the UI phenotype and the / sequences in Japanese commercial varieties of Chinese cabbage.

L-Cysteine Increases the Transformation Efficiency of Chinese Cabbage ( ssp. ).

Successful -mediated transformations of Chinese cabbage have been limited owing to the plant's recalcitrant nature, genomic background and explant necrosis upon infection, which hinders the transfer of T-DNA region into the Chinese cabbage. Consequently, in the current experiment, a stable mediated transformation method for Chinese cabbage cv. Kenshin established by employing important anti-oxidants in the co-cultivation and subsequent regeneration media.

Deep Learning Algorithms Correctly Classify Varieties Using Digital Images.

Efficient and accurate methods of analysis are needed for the huge amount of biological data that have accumulated in various research fields, including genomics, phenomics, and genetics. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis is one promising method to manipulate biological data. To this end, various algorithms have been developed and applied in fields such as disease diagnosis, species classification, and object prediction.

MiR1885 Regulates Disease Tolerance Genes in during Early Infection with .

Clubroot caused by is a severe disease of cruciferous crops that decreases crop quality and productivity. Several clubroot resistance-related quantitative trait loci and candidate genes have been identified. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism, the interrelationships among genes, and how genes are regulated remain unexplored.

QTL mapping for Fusarium wilt resistance based on the whole-genome resequencing and their association with functional genes in Raphanus sativus.

Two major QTL associated with resistance to Fusarium wilt (FW) were identified using whole-genome resequencing. Sequence variations and gene expression level differences suggest that TIR-NBS and LRR-RLK are candidate genes associated with FW-resistance. Fusarium wilt (FW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.

Modelling of gene loss propensity in the pangenomes of three Brassica species suggests different mechanisms between polyploids and diploids.

Plant genomes demonstrate significant presence/absence variation (PAV) within a species; however, the factors that lead to this variation have not been studied systematically in Brassica across diploids and polyploids. Here, we developed pangenomes of polyploid Brassica napus and its two diploid progenitor genomes B. rapa and B.

Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis of Flowering-Time Genes; Insights on the Gene Family Expansion and Evolutionary Perspective.

In polyploids, whole genome duplication (WGD) played a significant role in genome expansion, evolution and diversification. Many gene families are expanded following polyploidization, with the duplicated genes functionally diversified by neofunctionalization or subfunctionalization. These mechanisms may support adaptation and have likely contributed plant survival during evolution.

Comparative Transcriptome-Based Mining of Senescence-Related MADS, NAC, and WRKY Transcription Factors in the Rapid-Senescence Line DLS-91 of .

Leaf senescence is a developmental process induced by various molecular and environmental stimuli that may affect crop yield. The dark-induced leaf senescence-91 (DLS-91) plants displayed rapid leaf senescence, dramatically decreased chlorophyll contents, low photochemical efficiencies, and upregulation of the senescence-associated marker gene . To understand DLS molecular mechanism, we examined transcriptomic changes in DLS-91 and control line DLS-42 following 0, 1, and 4 days of dark treatment (DDT) stages.

Protective Role of Dietary Capsanthin in a Mouse Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Capsanthin is the main carotenoid compound in red paprika ( L.). However, little is known about the beneficial effects of capsanthin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Xanthine-derived metabolites enhance chlorophyll degradation in cotyledons and seedling growth during nitrogen deficient condition in .

Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a main environmental factor that induces early senescence. Cotyledons provide an important N source during germination and early seedling development. In this study, we observed that N deficient condition enhanced gene expression involved in purine catabolism in cotyledons of Chinese cabbage ( ssp.