Chromosome-level genome assembly of Zizania latifolia provides insights into its seed shattering and phytocassane biosynthesis.

Chinese wild rice (Zizania latifolia; family: Gramineae) is a valuable medicinal homologous grain in East and Southeast Asia. Here, using Nanopore sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding, we generated a 547.38 Mb chromosome-level genome assembly comprising 332 contigs and 164 scaffolds (contig N50 = 4.

Consumption of Wild Rice () Prevents Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease through the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Mice Model.

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) due to excess weight and obesity threatens public health worldwide. Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to obesity and related diseases. The cholesterol-lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of wild rice have been reported in several studies; however, whether it has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota is unknown.

Characterization of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Tobacco Endophytic Fungi and and Their Contributions to Phylogenetic Implications in the Pleosporales.

The symbiont endophytic fungi in tobacco are highly diverse and difficult to classify. Here, we sequenced the genomes of and isolated from tobacco plants. Finally, 41.

Angularly Prenylated Indole Alkaloids with Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activities from an Endophytic Fungus TE-6L.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of the endophytic fungus TE-6L residing in L. led to the discovery of two new angularly prenylated indole alkaloids (PIAs) with pyrano[2,3-]indole moieties, amoenamide C () and sclerotiamide B (), and four known biosynthetic congeners (-). Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and X-ray diffraction.

Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Chinese Wild Rice () and Analyses of Structural Composition and Potential Bioactivities of Different Fractions.

Due to the importance of proanthocyanidin bioactivity and its relationship with chemical structure, ultrasound-assisted extraction and purification schemes were proposed to evaluate the proanthocyanidin content and analyze the structural composition and potential bioactivities of different proanthocyanidin fractions from Chinese wild rice ( ). Following an optimized extraction procedure, the crude wild rice proanthocyanidins (WRPs) were purified using n-butanol extraction, chromatography on macroporous resins, and further fractionation on Sephadex LH-20 to yield six specific fractions (WRPs-1-WRPs-6) containing proanthocyanidin levels exceeding 524.19 ± 3.

Anti-Tumor Activity of Cembranoid-Type Diterpenes Isolated from Nicotiana tabacum L.

Recently, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has increased worldwide. Cembranoid-type diterpenes (CBDs) from tobacco exhibit good antimicrobial, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. Therefore, in this study, we isolated CBDs from L.

Benzophenone Derivatives from an Algal-Endophytic Isolate of Penicillium chrysogenum and Their Cytotoxicity.

Chromatographic separation of a marine algal-derived endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum AD-1540, which was isolated from the inner tissue of the marine red alga Grateloupia turuturu, yielded two new benzophenone derivatives, chryxanthones A and B (compounds 1 and 2, respectively). Their structures were undoubtedly determined by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data (1D/2D NMR and HRESIMS). The relative and absolute configurations were assigned by analysis of the coupling constants and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, respectively.

Antifungal Prenylated Diphenyl Ethers from , an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from the Leaves of Tobacco ( L.).

An endophytic fungus TE-3 was isolated and purified from the fresh leaves of cultivated tobacco ( L.). Chemical investigation on this fungal strain afforded three new prenylated diphenyl ethers (-) as well as three known analogues (-).

Composition and Genetic Diversity of the Microbiome in Different Topographic Areas and Growth Periods.

Fungal endophytes are the most ubiquitous plant symbionts on earth and are phylogenetically diverse. Studies on the fungal endophytes in tobacco have shown that they are widely distributed in the leaves, stems, and roots, and play important roles in the composition of the microbial ecosystem of tobacco. Herein, we analyzed and quantified the endophytic fungi of healthy tobacco leaves at the seedling stage (SS), resettling growth stage (RGS), fast-growing stage (FGS), and maturing stage (MS) at three altitudes (600, 1000, and 1300 m).

Partial Purification, Identification, and Quantitation of Antioxidants from Wild Rice ().

To provide further insights into the potential health-promoting antioxidants from wild rice (), which is an abundant but underutilized whole grain resource in East Asia, a partial purification based on D101 macroporous resin was carried out for the purification and enrichment of the antioxidants from the bioactive ethanol extracts of wild rice. On that basis, 34 phenolic compounds in the antioxidant fractions were identified by a high-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap quadrupole-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). The results suggested that phenolic acids could be enriched in the 10% ethanol-eluted fraction whereas flavonoids (including procyanidins and flavonoid glycosides) could be enriched in 20⁻30% ethanol-eluted fractions.

The mitochondrial genome of Arthrinium arundinis and its phylogenetic position within Sordariomycetes.

Arthrinium arundinis is a common pathogen in nature, although its molecular taxonomic status has never been reported. Herein, we described the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of A. arundinis, which is a circular DNA molecule with 48,975 bp in length; its A + T content is 72.

Overexpression of secreted sucrose isomerase in Yarrowia lipolytica and its application in isomaltulose production after immobilization.

Isomaltulose production by bacterial fermentation was limited, due to generation of undesirable products and reduced yields. Isomaltulose production using sucrose isomerase (SIase) catalyzed methods was expected to be more applicable, but was hampered by low SIase activity and lack of a secreted SIase producer. Here, we aimed to obtain high levels of secreted SIase by overexpressing the SIase gene from Pantoea dispersa UQ68J in Yarrowia lipolytica, a successful host for efficient secretory expression, with a newly characterized strong constitutive promoter.

Cytological Assessments and Transcriptome Profiling Demonstrate that Evodiamine Inhibits Growth and Induces Apoptosis in a Renal Carcinoma Cell Line.

Chinese medicines are an important source of secondary metabolites with excellent antitumour activity. Evodia rutaecarpa, from the family Rutaceae, exhibits antitumour activity. Evodiamine (EVO), which was isolated from the fruit of E.

Mitochondrial genome analysis of .

is a species of cichlid endemic and prefers sheltered bays or vegetated substrates. In this study, the mitochondrial genome of was completed using PCR and Sanger sequencing method. The genome is a circular molecule with the length of 16 576 bp and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer tRNA genes and two ribosomal RNA genes.