Transcutaneous Electrical Acustimulation Ameliorates Motion Sickness Induced by Rotary Chair in Healthy Subjects: A Prospective Randomized Crossover Study.

Objectives: Motion sickness (MS) is a common physiological response to real or virtual motion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acustimulation (TEA) on MS and the underlying mechanisms in healthy subjects.

Materials And Methods: A total of 50 healthy participants were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups to complete two separate sessions in a crossover study.

Characterization of CD103 CD8 tissue-resident T cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: may be tumor reactive and resurrected by anti-PD-1 blockade.

Though therapy that promotes anti-tumor response about CD8 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown great potential, clinical responses to CD8 TILs immunotherapy vary considerably, largely because of different subpopulation of CD8 TILs exhibiting different biological characters. To define the relationship between subpopulation of CD8 TILs and the outcome of antitumor reaction, the phenotype and function of CD103 CD8 TILs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were investigated. CD103 CD8 TILs were presented in ESCC, which displayed phenotype of tissue-resident memory T cells and exhibited high expression of immune checkpoints (PD-1, TIM-3).

Artificial gravity with ergometric exercise can prevent enhancement of popliteal vein compliance due to 4-day head-down bed rest.

Changes of venous compliance may contribute in part to postflight orthostatic intolerance. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether intermittent artificial gravity exposure with ergometric exercise could prevent venous compliance changes in the lower limbs due to simulated weightlessness. Twelve healthy male volunteers were exposed to simulated microgravity for 4 days of head-down bed rest (HDBR).

Combined short-arm centrifuge and aerobic exercise training improves cardiovascular function and physical working capacity in humans.

Background: Musculoskeletal and cardiovascular deconditioning occurring in long-term spaceflight gives rise to the needs to develop new strategies to counteract these adverse effects. Short-arm centrifuge combined with ergometer has been proposed as a strategy to counteract adverse effects of microgravity. This study sought to investigate whether the combination of short-arm centrifuge and aerobic exercise training have advantages over short-arm centrifuge or aerobic exercise training alone.

Heart rate and respiration responses to real traffic pattern flight.

The purpose of this study was to observe heart rate and respiration responses to real traffic pattern flight. Nine experienced and nine less-experienced military pilots on active flying status participated in four uninterrupted traffic patterns flight missions with F-7 jet trainer. The heart rates and respiration waves were continuously recorded using a small recording device strapped around the chest.

Effect of thigh cuffs on haemodynamic changes of the middle cerebral artery and on orthostatic intolerance induced by 10 days head-down bed rest.

Thigh cuffs are used by cosmonauts to limit fluid shift during space flight, but the appropriate level of cuff pressure and the duration of application to optimize their beneficial effects require further detailed investigations. In the present study, 10 days head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest was performed to assess the effects of thigh cuffs (40 mmHg, 10 h/day) on haemodynamic changes of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and on orthostatic tolerance in six healthy male volunteers. Another six healthy male volunteers without thigh cuffs served as the control group.

Compliance changes in femoral veins of rabbits after 21 days of simulated weightlessness.

Increased venous compliance in lower limbs may be contributed to postflight orthostatic intolerance; however, direct animal studies to address the changes of venous compliance to microgravity have been rare. The purpose of this study was to determine compliance changes in femoral veins of rabbits after 21 days of head-down rest. Head-down rest -20 dgrees rabbit model was used to simulate weightlessness.

Counteracting effect of head-up tilt on increased femoral venous compliance after simulated weightlessness in rabbits.

Background: The increased femoral venous compliance is one of the factors of orthostatic intolerance after space flight. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of daily head-up tilt (HUT) on stress-strain relationship of femoral vein during simulated weightlessness in rabbits.

Methods: Head-down tilt (HDT) 20 degrees rabbit model was used to simulate weightlessness.

[Effects of self-generated LBNP training on cardiovascular function and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) tolerance].

Objective: To explore the changes of cardiac function and lower body negative pressure tolerance after self-generated Lower Body Negative Pressure device training and provide experimental evidences for its appliance.

Method: Twelve healthy male subjects were randomly divided into two groups, and received training on two conditions for entirely closing the valve or opening to -30 mmHg of peak LBNP separately. The group A was trained for five days and three minutes per day.

Effect of lower body negative pressure on orthostatic tolerance and cardiac function during 21 days head-down tilt bed rest.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the changes of orthostatic tolerance and cardiac function during 21 d head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest and effect of lower body negative pressure in the first and the last week in humans. Twelve healthy male volunteers were exposed to -6 degrees HDT bed rest for 21 d. Six subjects received -30 mmHg LBNP sessions for 1 h per day from the 1st to the 7th day and from the 15th to the 21st day of the HDT, and six others served as control.

Effect of lower-body negative pressure on cerebral blood flow velocity during 21 days head-down tilt bed rest.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) velocity in humans during 21 days of head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest with and without lower-body negative pressure (LBNP).

Material/methods: Twelve healthy male volunteers were exposed to -6 degrees HDT bed rest for 21 days. Six subjects received -30 mmHg LBNP sessions for 1 h per day from the 1st to the 7th day and from the 15th to the 21st day of HDT, and six others served as controls.

[Effects of repeated lower g exposures on high-G induced memory and balance changes in rats].

Objective: To study the protective effects of repeated +4 Gz/3 min exposures on memory and balance changes induced by +10 Gz/5 min exposure in rats.

Method: 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (C) ; +10 Gz/5 min group (10 Gz); 3 d training group (3 d) ; 5 d training (5 d) group (exposed to +4 Gz/3 min per day for 3 or 5 days before +10 Gz/5 min exposure). Changes of memory and balance in rats of all the 4 groups were observed after +10 Gz/5 min exposure.

Effect of simulated weightlessness on pressure-volume relationships of femoral veins in vivo of New-Zealand rabbits.

Objectives: To observe the change of pressure-volume relationships of femoral veins of rabbits after simulated weightlessness.

Methods: Head-down tilt(HDT) -20 degrees rabbit model was used to simulate weightlessness .24 healthy male New-Zealand Rabbits were randomly divided into 21d HDT group, 10d HDT group and control group, with 8 in each.

[Development of self-generating lower body negative pressure device].

Objective: To develop a kind of self-generating lower body negative pressure device.

Method: The device consists of a flexible bellows, reinforced by several steel rings and sealed by gasproof adhesive plaster. An adjustable valve, a one-way flap valve, shoulder straps and handles are incorporated on the top of the bellows.

[Weightlessness or weightlessness simulation and vascular remodeling].

Weightlessness is inavoidable during spaceflight. It brings profound physiological effects on human body. Vascular remodeling is one of the important changes of cardiovascular system caused by weightlessness or simulated weightlessness.

[Effects of +Gz exposure time on memory and behavior in rats].

Objective: To explore the effect of +Gz exposure time on memory and behavior in rats.

Method: Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (A), +10 Gz/3 min group (B) and +10 Gz/5 min group (C). Rats in group A and B were exposed to +10 Gz for 3 min or 5 min respectively.

[Development and application of self-powered short arm human centrifuge].

Objective: To present the development and application of a self-powered short arm human centrifuge.

Method: Self-powered short arm human centrifuge consisted of human power, adjustable resistance trig, short arm and supporting construction parts. It was driven by human power.

[Effects of simulated weightlessness on pressure-volume relationships of femoral vein of New Zealand Rabbits].

Objective. To observe the changes of pressure-volume relationships of rabbit femoral veins and their structural changes caused by simulated weightlessness. Method.

[Effects of simulated microgravity on cardiovascular function and counter effect of lower body negative pressure].

Studies on effect of simulated microgravity on cardiovascular function and counter effect of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in recent years were summarized. The mechanism of simulated microgravity induced orthostatic intolerance may involve the reduction of cardiovascular function and cerebral blood flow, and endocrine changes. The significance of mathematical model in the study of mechanism of microgravity induced orthostatic intolerance was also discussed.

[Changes of serum alkaline phosphatase and electrolytes during 21 d head down bed-rest].

Objective. To investigate the effect of simulated weightlessness on serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, magnesium, chlorine and phosphorus. Method.

[Upright tilt table testing and syncope evaluation].

Syncope is a state of unconsciousness, the process of syncope is sudden and transient. Transient and widespread cerebral ischemia/hypoxia are the reasons of syncope. Sixty percent to seventy percent of the patients suffering from syncope have no categorical reasoning, although lots of assisted examinations had been carried out.

[Effects of lower body negative pressure in the first and last week during 21 d head-down bed rest on orthostatic tolerance and cardiac function].

Objective: To investigate the changes of orthostatic tolerance and cardiac function during 21 d head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest and effect of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in the first and the last weeks in humans.

Method: Twelve healthy male volunteers were exposed to -6 degrees HDT bed rest for 21 d. Six subjects received -30 mmHg LBNP sessions for 1 h/d from the 1st to the 7th day and from the 15th to the 21st day of the HDT, and the other six who did not receive LBNP served as control.

Effect of lower body negative pressure against orthostatic intolerance induced by 21 days head-down tilt bed rest.

Background: Exposure to actual or simulated weightlessness is known to induce orthostatic intolerance in humans. Many different methods have been suggested to counteract orthostatic hypotension. The repetitive or prolonged application of lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has shown beneficial effects to counter orthostatic intolerance, but devoting so much time to countermeasures is not compatible with space mission objectives or costs.