Clinical Reasoning: A 49-Year-Old Woman With Isolated Sinus Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula With Perimedullary Drainage.

While demyelination is the most common etiology of longitudinally extensive myelopathy, other causes are important to recognize. In this study, we present the case of a longitudinal cervical lesion with a very rare cause. We discuss the approach to the differential diagnosis and workup for longitudinal myelopathy.

Health-related quality of life outcomes and influencing factors in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms after endovascular treatment.

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important indicator when evaluating prognosis and disease-related treatments. Our current knowledge of the HRQoL outcomes of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) patients treated by the endovascular intervention appeared to be very limited. To fill this gap, the present study investigated the HRQoL outcomes and identified the influencing factors in UIA patients treated by endovascular intervention.

Using the modified Delphi method to research the influencing factors of long-term health-related quality of life in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms after endovascular treatment.

Background: The purpose of this study was to use the modified Delphi method to identify the influencing factors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) after endovascular treatment.

Methods: A modified Delphi method to obtain expert consensus on the content of potential influencing factors of HRQoL in patients with UIAs treated by endovascular intervention was employed. The research team consists of three neuroradiologists and one epidemiologist from Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University.

Prevalence of and risk factors for anxiety and depression in Chinese patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms treated by endovascular intervention.

Background: Studies on anxiety and depression in unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) patients after treatment via endovascular intervention are rare and controversial. We aimed to explore the prevalence of anxiety and depression among Chinese patients with UIAs treated by endovascular intervention and to identify which factors contribute to the development of these symptoms.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on anxiety and depression in patients who underwent endovascular treatment for UIAs using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Microsurgical and Endovascular Treatment Outcomes in Pericallosal Artery Aneurysms: A Single Center Retrospective Analysis.

Aim: To summarize the clinical outcomes, follow-up results and to discuss the optimal therapeutic strategy for pericallosal artery aneurysms (PAAs).

Material And Methods: From January 2013 to May 2017, the charts of 49 patients with PAAs, representing 2.43% of 2,018 consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysms (IAs) were reviewed.

Natural history of spinal cord arteriovenous shunts: an observational study.

The natural history of intradural spinal cord arteriovenous shunts is unknown. We performed an observational study in a consecutive patient cohort with symptomatic intradural spinal cord arteriovenous shunts who were admitted to three institutes to investigate the clinical course of this complex disease, which would provide valuable evidence to inform clinical decision-making. The clinical course of patients with symptomatic intradural spinal cord arteriovenous shunts from initial presentation to occurrence of clinical deterioration, initiation of treatment, or last follow-up was analysed.

Filum Terminale Arteriovenous Fistulas with Multiple Shunt Points: A Report of Two Exceptional Cases.

Background: Filum terminale arteriovenous fistula (FTAVF) with multiple shunt points has not been reported in the literature. In previous studies, the angioarchitecture of FTAVFs was always featured with only one single shunt point, and such a uniformity had established the preconceived and conventional understanding of FTAVFs for clinicians.

Case Description: The authors describe 2 exceptional cases of FTAVFs with multiple shunt points confirmed by open surgery, which means that the above understanding may lead to misdiagnosis and incomplete treatment in future.

Identification of cow milk in goat milk by nonlinear chemical fingerprint technique.

The objective of this paper was to develop a nonlinear chemical fingerprint technique for identifying and detecting adulteration of goat milk with cow milk. In this study, by taking the Belousov-Zhabotinsky oscillatory chemical reaction using acetone and substrates in goat milk or cow milk as main dissipative substances, when the same dosage of goat milk and cow milk was introduced to the "H + Mn + BrO + acetone" oscillating system respectively, nonlinear chemical fingerprints were obtained for goat milk and cow milk from the same origin. The results showed that inductive time value and the content of cow milk in goat milk had a linear relationship in the range of 0-100% and the corresponding regression coefficient was 0.

A New Type of Spinal Epidural Arteriovenous Fistulas Causes Spinal Epidural Hemorrhage: An Analysis of Five Cases and Natural History Consideration.

Background: Spinal epidural arteriovenous fistulas (SEDAVFs) are peculiar and poorly understood lesions with a poorly understood natural history. They usually are subclassified into 2 types according to their drainage components. This study aimed to describe a new type of SEDAVFs that is featured with a unique drainage pattern and present our natural history hypothesis of SEDAVFs.

Pediatric thoracic SCIWORA after back bend during dance practice: a retrospective case series and analysis of trauma mechanisms.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe a unique type of low-energy traumatic pediatric thoracic spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) after a back bend during dance practice and analyze the trauma mechanisms and treatment protocols.

Methods: This was a retrospective case series from September 2007 to August 2016. The study was conducted at a tertiary medical center in Beijing, China (Xuanwu Hospital, China International Neuroscience Institute [China-INI], Capital Medical University).

Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma: A Study of 55 Cases Focused on the Etiology and Treatment Strategy.

Background: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) is a rare neurologic emergency of the spinal cord. Its cause and treatment strategy remain controversial. This study aimed to evaluate a significant cause of SSEH and to discuss the treatment strategy according to the clinical outcomes of patients in 2 institutions.

[Cytoplasmic expression of aquaporin-1 in breast cancer cells and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis].

Objective: To detect the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in breast cancer tissues, and to analyze its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients.

Methods: Histochemical SP staining was used to assess the AQP1 expression in 30 cases of lobular hyperplasia of mammary gland, 16 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and 78 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma-not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS), and to analyze the relationship between cytoplasmic expression of AQP1 in IDC-NOS and clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of the patients.

Results: Positive AQP1 immunolabelling appeared as brown deposit over the membrane of myoepithelial cells in all cases of lobular hyperplasia of mammary gland, but only 10.

[Robo1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and its brain metastasis].

Objective: To detect the expression of Robo1 in lung cancer tissues, adjacent non-cancerous tissues as well as lung cancer brain metastasis, and explore the correlation of Robo1 expression to lung cancer brain metastasis.

Methods: SP (streptavidin-peroxidase) staining method was used to examine the Robo1 expression in specimens from 80 cases of NSCLC, 52 cases of adjacent non-cancerous tissues and 72 cases of lung cancer with single brain metastasis (without metastasis in other organs). The Robo1 expression was further examined in 17 self control cases with lung cancer tissues and their brain metastasis tissues.

[Function of intersectin in endocytosis and exocytosis].

Intersectin is an evolutionarily conserved multifunctional adaptor protein with multifunctional domains. These domains interact with components of the endocytic and exocytic pathways, such as the clathrin mediating synaptic vesicle recycling, the protein related to endocytosis via caveolae, the with-no-lysine kinases related to the regulation of renal outer medullar potassium, and the Cdc42 mediating exocytic pathway. Recently, the understanding of intersectin function in the pathogenesis of endocrine tumor and many neurodegenerative diseases such as Down syndrome, Alzheimer disease has been deepened.

[Expression and significance of phosphorylated Girdin in breast cancer].

Objective: To detect the expression of phosphorylated girdin (p-girdin) in breast cancer and its association with pathological characteristics and molecular subtypes of breast cancer.

Methods: Immunohistochemical SP staining was used to investigate the expression of p-girdin in 27 cases of lobular hyperplasia of mammary gland, 61 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and 94 cases of non-special type invasive carcinoma (IDC-NOS) of breast.

Results: p-girdin was located in the cell cytoplasm and (or) nuclei in breast cancer.

[Expression of Notch1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and their significance in glioma patients].

Objective: To study the expression of Notch1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in glioma patients and their relationship with progression and prognosis of gliomas.

Methods: Sixty-four cases of glioma were included in this study. There were four cases of grade 1 tumor, twenty-five cases of grade 2, nine cases of grade 3, and twenty-six cases of grade 4.

Cellular microRNA let-7c inhibits M1 protein expression of the H1N1 influenza A virus in infected human lung epithelial cells.

The influenza virus (IV) triggers a series of signalling events inside host cells and induces complex cellular responses. Studies have suggested that host factors play an essential role in IV replication. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding RNAs that target mRNAs, triggering either translation repression or RNA degradation.

Protocatechuic aldehyde inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis via regulation of caspase-3.

Apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells results in the loss of endothelial integrity, and is a risk factor of atherosclerosis (AS). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates inflammation during AS. The current study examined the effect of a potent water-soluble antioxidant, protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA; derived from the Chinese herb Salvia miltiorrhiza) on apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with LPS.

Co-culture with microglia promotes neural stem cells differentiation into astrocytes.

Background: Neural stem cells (NSCs) are a self-renewing and multipotent population of the central nervous system (CNS), which are active during development and maintain homeostasis and tissue integrity throughout life. Microglias are an immune cell population resident in the CNS, which have crucial physiological functions in the developing and adult CNS. This study aimed to investigate that whether microglia co-cultured with NSCs could promote astrogliogenesis from NSCs.

[Robo1 expression in breast cancer and its relationship to brain metastasis].

Objective: To detect the expression of Robo1 in different breast tumors and its association with the breast cancer brain metastasis.

Methods: Labelled streptavidin-biotin (LSAB) staining was used to examine the Robo1 expression in specimens from 24 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with brain metastasis, 71 cases of IDC without brain metastasis, 22 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 23 cases of fibroadenoma.

Results: The expression pattern of Robo1 in DCIS (59.

Slit2/Robo1 signaling in glioma migration and invasion.

Slit2/Robo1 is a conserved ligand-receptor system, which greatly affects the distribution, migration, axon guidance and branching of neuron cells. Slit2 and its transmembrane receptor Robo1 have different distribution patterns in gliomas. The expression of Slit2 is at very low levels in pilocytic astrocytoma, fibrillary astrocytoma and glioblastoma, while Robo1 is highly expressed in different grades of gliomas at both mRNA and protein levels.