High Glucose Activated Cardiac Fibroblasts by a Disruption of Mitochondria-Associated Membranes.

Cardiac fibrosis is evident even in the situation without a significant cardiomyocyte loss in diabetic cardiomyopathy and a high glucose (HG) level independently activates the cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and promotes cell proliferation. Mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, which are key for cell proliferation and the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), are critically involved in this process. However, the roles and the underlying mechanism of MAMs in the proliferation of HG-induced CFs are largely unknown.

The optimal strategies for clean technology to advance green transition.

By establishing a two-stage model, this paper captures the optimal strategies for clean technology to advance green transition upon various scenarios. Based on theoretical analysis, we conclude that carbon taxes could stimulate innovation and green transition as well as subsidies when technology is mature. On the other hand, the effectiveness of carbon taxes decreases with immature technology.