Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Spine MRI.

Diagnostic imaging, particularly MRI, plays a key role in the evaluation of many spine pathologies. Recent progress in artificial intelligence and its subset, machine learning, has led to many applications within spine MRI, which we sought to examine in this review. A literature search of the major databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.

Oncologic Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning Methods in CT Spine Imaging-A Systematic Review.

In spinal oncology, integrating deep learning with computed tomography (CT) imaging has shown promise in enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient outcomes. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on artificial intelligence (AI) applications in CT imaging for spinal tumors. A PRISMA-guided search identified 33 studies: 12 (36.

Elimination of representative antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes and ciprofloxacin from water via photoactivation of periodate using FeS.

The propagation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) induced by the release of antibiotics poses great threats to ecological safety and human health. In this study, periodate (PI)/FeS/simulated sunlight (SSL) system was employed to remove representative ARB, ARGs and antibiotics in water. 1 × 10 CFU mL of gentamycin-resistant Escherichia coli was effectively disinfected below limit of detection in PI/FeS/SSL system under different water matrix and in real water samples.

Inguinal Hernia in Premature Infants: To Operate Before or After Discharge from Hospital?

Introduction: This study aims to find out the optimal timing for herniotomy for premature infants with inguinal hernia (IH): early during hospitalisation or delayed after hospital discharge.

Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on premature infants diagnosed with IH during their initial hospitalization between 2015 and 2020. Demographic data and clinical outcomes were compared between infants undergoing herniotomy before discharge ("early") and those who were discharged without herniotomy ("delayed").

TCM syndrome differentiation in colorectal cancer patients assisted by differences in gut microbiota: An exploratory study.

Objective: To explore the difference in gut microbiota between different traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and its internal relationship.

Methods: From June 2020 to August 2021, 109 colorectal cancer patients with a clear pathological diagnosis who had not yet undergone surgery or chemotherapy were classified according to the TCM syndrome classification, and the feces samples of 109 patients with preoperative colorectal cancer were collected. 16s rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine gut microbiota diversity and abundance in CRC patients with different TCM syndrome, and LEfSe analysis was made to screen different TCM syndrome for differential representative microbiota.

A PDZ Protein GIPC3 Positively Modulates Hedgehog Signaling and Melanoma Growth.

The hedgehog (Hh) pathway is essential for animal development, but aberrant activation promotes cancer growth. In this study, we show that GIPC3, a PDZ domain-containing protein with putative adaptor protein function, positively modulates Hh target gene expression in normal fibroblasts and melanoma cells and supports melanoma tumor growth. Using overexpression and epistasis studies, we show that Gipc3 potentiates Hh transcriptional output and that it modulates GLI-dependent transcription independently of Sufu.

Airborne fine particulate matter induces cognitive and emotional disorders in offspring mice exposed during pregnancy.

Gestational exposure to PM is associated with adverse postnatal outcomes. PM can enter alveoli by using intratracheal instillation, even penetrate through lung cells into the blood circulation. Subsequently, they are transferred across the placenta and fetal blood brain barrier, causing the adverse birth outcomes of offspring.

Breast cancer proliferation and deterioration-associated metabolic heterogeneity changes induced by exposure of bisphenol S, a widespread replacement of bisphenol A.

Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is considered to be associated with the increased incidence of breast cancer. As a widespread replacement of BPA, the effect of bisphenol S (BPS) on breast tumor programming has not been studied. We reported that BPS exposure significantly promoted proliferation and deterioration of breast tumor by nonmonotonic dose response.

Anticoccidial effect of extract against .

Context: extracts (FMTE) have a good therapeutic effect on coccidiosis, but there is no relevant research on its prophylactic effect on coccidiosis.

Objective: This study comprehensively evaluates the anticoccidial effect of FMTE.

Materials And Methods: , the unsporulated oocysts were treated with serial dilutions of FMTE and incubated for 7 d, and the sporulated oocysts were counted for calculating the median lethal concentration (LC) of FMTE.

Effects of PM exposure in utero on heart injury, histone acetylation and GATA4 expression in offspring mice.

Atmospheric fine particulate matter exposure (PM) can increase the incidence and mortality of heart disease, and raise the risk of fetal congenital heart defect, which have recently drawn much attention. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to PM (approximately equivalent to 174 μg/m) by intratracheal instillation during the gestation. After birth, 10 weeks old offspring mice were divided into four groups: male exposed group (ME), female exposed group (FE), male control group (MC), female control group (FC).

Evaluation of the splenic injury following exposure of mice to bisphenol S: A mass spectrometry-based lipidomics and imaging analysis.

Background: The widespread use of bisphenol A (BPA) substitutes has aroused great attention towards their toxicological evaluation in vivo and in vitro. Considering the intimate correlation between BPA and metabolic diseases, we explored whether bisphenol S (BPS), a major substitute to BPA, could cause the splenic toxicity by disturbing the lipid metabolism in mouse model.

Methods: We investigated the splenic injury by combing the mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomics and imaging analysis, as well as molecular biological methods.

The Longitudinal Impact of Excessive Daytime Somnolence on Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease in a Southeast Asian Cohort.

Objective: Sleep-wake disturbances, such as excessive daytime somnolence (EDS), are nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and significantly affect the quality of life. This study aimed to examine the relationship between EDS and motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD.

Methods: Eighty-two patients with idiopathic mild PD were followed up twice a year for 2 years and assessed on sleep, mood, anxiety, cognition, function, and disease severity.

Attitudes toward artificial intelligence in radiology with learner needs assessment within radiology residency programmes: a national multi-programme survey.

Introduction: We aimed to assess the attitudes and learner needs of radiology residents and faculty radiologists regarding artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in radiology.

Methods: A web-based questionnaire, designed using SurveyMonkey, was sent out to residents and faculty radiologists in all three radiology residency programmes in Singapore. The questionnaire comprised four sections and aimed to evaluate respondents' current experience, attempts at self-learning, perceptions of career prospects and expectations of an AI/ML curriculum in their residency programme.

Medial Temporal Atrophy in Amyloid-Negative Amnestic Type Dementia Is Associated with High Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensity.

Background: Non-amyloid mechanisms behind neurodegeneration and cognition impairment are unclear. Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) may play an important role in suspected non-Alzheimer's pathophysiology (SNAP), especially in Asia.

Objective: To examine the association between CVD and medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) in amyloid-β negative patients with mild amnestic type dementia.

Hippocampal subfield atrophy of CA1 and subicular structures predict progression to dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

Background: Global hippocampal atrophy is a hallmark of Alzheimer's dementia and has been similarly reported in Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). However, there is limited literature on the differential involvement of hippocampal subfields in predicting conversion to PDD. This study is an extension of previous findings on progression to mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD).

Prenatal exposure to ambient fine particulate matter induces dysregulations of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue in male offspring.

Prenatal exposure to ambient fine particles (diameter < 0.25 μm, PM) has been found to be associated with abnormal growth and development in offspring. However, the effects of PM on the lipid metabolism of adipose tissue in offspring are unclear.

Regional White Matter Hyperintensity Influences Grey Matter Atrophy in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

The association between cerebrovascular disease pathology (measured by white matter hyperintensities, WMH) and brain atrophy in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain to be elucidated. Thus, we investigated how WMH influence neurodegeneration and cognition in prodromal and clinical AD. We examined 51 healthy controls, 35 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 30 AD patients.

MALDI-MS Imaging Reveals Asymmetric Spatial Distribution of Lipid Metabolites from Bisphenol S-Induced Nephrotoxicity.

With the continuous exposure of environmental pollutants in organisms, determination of abundance variation and spatial distribution of lipids might expand our understanding of toxicological mechanisms occurring in the kidney. Herein, an integrated method involving mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomics and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-MS imaging (MALDI-MSI) was developed for the study of nephrotoxicity in mice exposed to 10 and 100 μg bisphenol S (BPS)/kg body weight/day. The BPS exposure remarkable perturbed abundances of 91 potential markers that mainly involved in five metabolic pathways.

The Pearl of FDG PET/CT in Preoperative Assessment of Patients with Potentially Operable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer and its Clinical Impact.

The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the clinical impact and efficacy of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) on management decisions for patients suffering from clinically operable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A retrospective review of 186 potentially operable NSCLC patients who underwent whole-body PET/CT examination in 2012 was performed. The patients were further analyzed via the electronic patient record (ePR) system for relevant findings.

Progression of small vessel disease correlates with cortical thinning in Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD) is a risk factor for dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD), however the pathophysiological role of SVD in PD-dementia is unclear. We investigated the impact of baseline and progression of SVD on cortical thickness and the correlation to cognition.

Methods: Seventy-three mild PD patients with baseline and follow-up structural MRI scans, serial clinical and neuropsychological assessments were studied.

Horizontal liver cleft: a rare anatomic variant.

Background: Improvements in hepatobiliary surgical techniques, with increased usage of segmental and subsegmental resection, make accurate preoperative radiological assessment delineation of the liver segments ever more crucial. Conventionally, this is done by drawing imaginary straight planes along the portal and hepatic veins. We herein report a rare case of a horizontal cleft between the superior and inferior liver segments seen on CT.