Defined cellular reprogramming of androgen receptor-active prostate cancer to neuroendocrine prostate cancer.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) arises primarily through neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NEtD) as an adaptive mechanism of therapeutic resistance. Models to define the functional effects of putative drivers of this process on androgen receptor (AR) signaling and NE cancer lineage programs are lacking. We adapted a genetically defined strategy from the field of cellular reprogramming to directly convert AR-active prostate cancer (ARPC) to AR-independent NEPC using candidate factors.

MicroRNA-486-3p Targets Chymotrypsin C to Regulate Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Immunosuppressive Factor Expression.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a common digestive system tumor with high mortality rates and a poor prognosis. Reports suggest that microRNA (miR)-486-3p in PDAC can be used as a diagnostic biomarker. This research aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-486-3p regulates PDAC progression.

Predicting Diabetic Retinopathy Using a Machine Learning Approach Informed by Whole-Exome Sequencing Studies.

Objective: To establish and validate a novel diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk-prediction model using a whole-exome sequencing (WES)-based machine learning (ML) method.

Methods: WES was performed to identify potential single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or mutation sites in a DR pedigree comprising 10 members. A prediction model was established and validated in a cohort of 420 type 2 diabetic patients based on both genetic and demographic features.

Efficient Platform for Cannabinoid Precursor Olivetolic Acid Biosynthesis from Inexpensive Inputs.

Olivetolic acid (OLA), an initial precursor of cannabinoids, is catalyzed by type III polyketide synthase, which has a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. Here, we applied systematic metabolic engineering to develop a multienzyme cascade system to produce OLA via two low-cost inputs. The polyketide synthase (OLS) and cyclase enzymes (OAC), along with the best combination of hexanoyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA synthetases (AEE3 and MatB), were first introduced into the biocatalytic system to increase the supply of hexanoyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA as starting and extender units.

m6A related metabolic genes in breast cancer and their relationship with prognosis.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy among women, with incidence rates rising annually. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been recognized as a key regulator in the onset and progression of BC. Nevertheless, the role of m6A-associated metabolic genes (mMGs) in BC regulation remains insufficiently understood.

Moisture-driven carbonation kinetics for ultrafast CO mineralization.

CO mineralization, a process where CO reacts with minerals to form stable carbonates, presents a sustainable approach for CO sequestration and mitigation of global warming. While the crucial role of water in regulating CO mineralization efficiency is widely acknowledged, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. This study employs a combined experimental and atomistic simulation approach to elucidate the intricate mechanisms governing moisture-driven carbonation kinetics of calcium-bearing minerals.

Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with extracorporeal shockwave therapy for poststroke spasticity: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Spasticity is a common complication of stroke, which is related to poor motor recovery and limitations in the performance of activities. Both transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) are effective treatment methods for poststroke spasticity (PSS). However, there is no existing study exploring the safety and effectiveness of TMS combined with ESWT for PSS.

Optimal CO intake in metastable water film in mesoporous materials.

The feasibility of carbon mineralization relies on the carbonation efficiency of CO-reactive minerals, which is largely governed by the water content and state within material mesopores. Yet, the pivotal role of confined water in regulating carbonation efficiency at the nanoscale is not well understood. Here, we show that the maximum CO intake occurs at an optimal relative humidity (RH) when capillary condensation initiates within the hydrophilic mesopores.

Pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy triggers pyroptosis in osteosarcoma cells via the ROS/caspase-3/GSDME pathway.

Background: Pyropheophorbide-α methyl ester-mediated photodynamic therapy(MPPa-PDT) is a candidate treatment for solid tumors, including osteosarcoma. Pyroptosis has garnered significant attention in cancer research due to its pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory nature. This study investigated the mechanism and role of MPPa-PDT-induced pyroptosis in osteosarcoma cells.

AMP-dependent protein kinase alpha 1 predicts cancer prognosis and immunotherapy response: from pan-cancer analysis to experimental validation.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has poor prognosis. PRKAA1 (AMPK-α1) is the catalytic subunit of 5'-adenylate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a critical role in multiple stages of tumorigenesis and development. However, the biological mechanisms of PRKAA1 in the tumor microenvironment have not been well studied.

Unveiling Noncentrosymmetric Pyridine Carboxylates from Centrosymmetric Templates through Motif Configuration Modulation in Zero-Dimensional System.

Developing approaches to induce noncentrosymmetric (NCS) frameworks through atomic-scale structural optimizations is crucial due to the growing need for new ultraviolet (UV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Herein, the first two new NCS pyridine carboxylates, ZnBr(CHFNO) () and Cd(CHFNO)(HO) (), were successfully synthesized using centrosymmetric (CS) templates and rational structural reconstructions induced by different ionic radius. Both compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic system and feature metal-centered zero-dimensional (0D) isolated clusters.

Breaking Symmetry for SHG Response: Lanthanide Acetate Crystals via Water Molecule Regulation Strategy.

In the field of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials research, the design and synthesis of novel materials are crucial for advancing modern scientific and technological development. This study employs an innovative coordination strategy, building upon the existing structure of [Ln(CHCOO)(HO)]·4HO (Ln = Tb, Sm), to successfully synthesize a series of acetate rare-earth metal compounds [Ln(CHCOO)(HO)] [Ln = Tb(), Er(), Y()] by regulating the number of water molecules. This approach achieved a structural transition from centrosymmetric (CS) to noncentrosymmetric (NCS), endowing these compounds with significant nonlinear optical responses.

In Situ Crystallized Ceria-Vesicle Nanohybrid Therapeutic for Effective Treatment of Inflammatory Intraocular Disease.

Posterior uveitis is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness globally due to its detrimental effects on the choroid and retina. The condition is worsened by oxidative stress, which heightens inflammation and perpetuates a cycle of damage that current treatments only temporarily relieve. To address this, a novel treatment involving the in situ crystallization of ultrasmall cerium oxide nanoparticles (≈3 nm) on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) extracellular vesicles (EVs) for the management of primed mycobacterial uveitis (PMU) is developed.

Optimizing surgical approaches for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma to minimize cross-organ invasion.

Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of eye-sparing surgery for lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and the impact on tumor recurrence and orbital integrity.

Methods: The study enrolled four patients with recurrent lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. The outcome focused on the relevance of the integrity of the lateral orbital wall to the occurrence of extraorbital metastasis in the local recurrence of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Economic evaluation of acupuncture in treating patients with pain and mental health concerns: the results of the Alberta Complementary Health Integration Project.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact have heightened the risk of mental health and pain-related issues. The integration of acupuncture with conventional medicine shows promise in improving treatment outcomes for these conditions. The Alberta Complementary Health Integration Project (ABCHIP) aimed to provide acupuncture to youth (aged 24 and under) and seniors (aged 55 and above) experiencing chronic pain, pain management issues, mental health issues, and/or related conditions.

Risk factors and prognostic factors associated with retinal detachment and visual outcomes in acute retinal necrosis.

Objective: To investigate the risk factors and prognostic factors that affect the long-term clinical outcomes of acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Methods: A retrospective study of patients with ARN who underwent treatment and completed follow-up in our ophthalmology department from 2011 to 2021 was conducted. The incidence and risk factors of retinal detachment (RD) and prognostic factors affecting long-term clinical outcomes, such as late-onset RD and final vision loss (< 20/200), were analyzed.

Heterotrophic nitrification by Alcaligenes faecalis links organic and inorganic nitrogen metabolism.

Heterotrophic nitrification remains a mystery for decades. It has been commonly hypothesized that heterotrophic nitrifiers oxidize ammonia to hydroxylamine and then to nitrite in a way similar to autotrophic AOA and AOB. Recently, heterotrophic nitrifiers from Alcaligenes were found to oxidize ammonia to hydroxylamine and then to N2 ("dirammox", direct ammonia oxidation) by the gene cluster dnfABC with a yet-to-be-reported mechanism.

Adverse event reporting of the IGF-1R monoclonal antibody teprotumumab: a real-world study based on the US food and drug administration adverse event reporting system.

Background: Teprotumumab, an IGF-1R monoclonal antibody, has shown significant efficacy in treating thyroid eye disease (TED). However, since teprotumumab was launched in 2020 and first approved in the United States, there were limited reports of post-marketing adverse events (AEs). In this study, we aimed to mine and analyze the AEs signals with teprotumumab on the basis of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) to provide instructions in clinical practice concerning adverse reactions and assistance in drug development and import/export into other countries.

[Biomanufacturing of propionic acid].

Propionic acid as an important C3 platform chemical has been widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and chemical fields. The chemical synthesis of propionic acid from petroleum and other chemical products has serious environmental pollution and is not sustainable. In recent years, the production of propionic acid by microbial transformation of renewable resources has received extensive attention.

Effectiveness of acupuncture in treating patients with pain and mental health concerns: the results of the Alberta Complementary Health Integration Project.

Background: This study presents real-world evidence on the clinical outcomes of the Alberta Complementary Health Integration Project (ABCHIP), which utilized acupuncture to address pain and mental health issues in two vulnerable populations in Alberta: youth (aged 24 and below) and elderly (aged 55 and above).

Methods: Over 282 days, a total of 606 patients received 5,424 acupuncture treatments. Tailored to each patients' specific pain and mental health concerns, an individualized treatment plan was selected, following a standard treatment protocol lasting 1 to 3 months.

A Novel AIE-Active Salicylaldehyde-Schiff Base Probe with Carbazole Group for Al Detection in Aqueous Solution.

A donor-acceptor Schiff-base fluorescent probe BKS with chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism was designed and synthesized via benzophenone(Acceptor), salicylaldehyde and carbazole(Donor) for Al detection, which exhibited typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic. BKS probe could provide outstanding selectivity to Al with a prominent fluorescence "turn-on" at 545 nm in a wide pH range from 2 to 11. By the Job's plot, the binding stoichiometry ratio of probe BKS to Al was determined 1:1.