Global attitudes on and the status of enteral nutrition therapy for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Enteral nutrition (EN) is a diet-remission therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that plays a more important role in children than adults. EN includes exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN), partial enteral nutrition (PEN), and maintenance enteral nutrition (MEN). However, EEN remains an unstandardized treatment for pediatric IBD.

Discovery of highly potent and selective 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin-glucose conjugates as potential anti-colorectal cancer agents.

7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), a highly potent metabolite of irinotecan, has an anticancer efficacy 100-1000 folds more than irinotecan . However, the clinical application of SN38 has been limited due to the very narrow therapeutic window and poor water solubility. Herein, we report the SN38-glucose conjugates (Glu-SN38) that can target cancer cells due to their selective uptake glucose transporters, which are overexpressed in most cancers.

[A Case of Congenital Tufting Enteropathy with Gene Complex Heterozygous Mutation (c.491+1G>A; c.352_353ins CACC)].

The patient, a one-month-old male infant, was admitted for "recurrent diarrhea for 20 days and vomiting for 4 days". On the 8th day after birth, the patient began to develop recurrent refractory diarrhea, accompanied by abdominal distension, vomiting, dehydration, acidosis, and malnutrition. There were many cases of malignant tumors of the digestive system in the patient's family.

Action Mechanism Underlying Improvement Effect of Fuzi Lizhong Decoction on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Study Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking.

Objective: This study aimed to decipher the bioactive compounds and potential mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula Fuzi Lizhong Decoction (FLD) for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) treatment via an integrative network pharmacology approach.

Methods: The candidate compounds of FLD and its relative targets were obtained from the TCMSP and PharmMapper web server, and the intersection genes for NAFLD were discerned using OMIM, GeneCards, and DisGeNET. Then, the PPI and component-target-pathway networks were constructed.

Broad transcriptional response of the human esophageal epithelium to proton pump inhibitors.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been recognized as a primary treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), an allergic inflammatory disease of the esophageal mucosa. The mechanisms underlying esophageal epithelial responses to PPIs remain poorly understood.

Objective: We hypothesized that PPIs can counteract IL-13-mediated esophageal epithelial responses that are germane for EoE pathogenesis.

SIS3, a good candidate for the reverse of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice.

TGF-β signaling plays an extremely important role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the blockade of TGF-β/Smad3 pathway protests against the high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes. As a specific small molecule inhibitor of Smad3 protein, the biological activities of compound SIS3 were evaluated by high-fat diet-induced T2DM model mice. In vivo results indicated that SIS3 can not only significantly reduce the body weight, fat mass, and fasting blood glucose in high-fat diet-induced T2DM model mice, but also improve insulin sensitivity and oral glucose tolerance of high-fat diet-induced T2DM model mice after the injection of SIS3 with 5 mg/kg for 45 days.

Collagenous colitis in a child induced by chronic respiratory allergy: A case report.

Introduction: Collagen colitis (CC) is a microscopic colitis diagnosed by mucosal biopsy and is extremely rare in children.

Patient Concerns: We reported a child with severe persistent diarrhea that could not be relieved with traditional diarrheal treatment. No abnormalities were found after multiple colonoscopies.

Paternal origin of Tungusic-speaking populations: Insights from the updated phylogenetic tree of Y-chromosome haplogroup C2a-M86.

Objectives: Haplogroup C2a-M48 is the predominant paternal lineage of Tungusic-speaking populations, one of the largest population groups in Siberia. Up until now, the origins and dispersal of Tungusic-speaking populations have remained unclear. In this study, the demographic history of Tungusic-speaking populations was explored using the phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup C2a-M86, the major subbranch of C2a-M48.

Phylogenetic analysis of the Y-chromosome haplogroup C2b-F1067, a dominant paternal lineage in Eastern Eurasia.

Human Y-chromosome haplogroup C2b-F1067 is one of the dominant paternal lineages of populations in Eastern Eurasia. In order to explore the origin, diversification, and expansion of this haplogroup, we generated 206 new Y-chromosome sequences from C2b-F1067 males and coanalyzed 220 Y-chromosome sequences of this haplogroup. BEAST software was used to reconstruct a revised phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C2b-F1067 with age estimates.

Multifunctional gold nanoparticles as smart nanovehicles with enhanced tumour-targeting abilities for intracellular pH mapping and in vivo MR/fluorescence imaging.

A number of multimodal agents have been developed for tumour imaging and diagnosis, but most of them cannot be used to study the detailed physiological or pathological changes in living cells at the same time. Herein, a series of pH-responsive magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging (MRI/FI) dual-modal "nanovehicles" are developed and tested. These new dual-modal materials allow for intercellular pH sensing, and those with units that are dually sensitive towards both acidic and basic environments have the ability for intracellular pH mapping and can be used to quantify pH at the cellular level.

Correction: Inhibition of Stat3 signaling pathway by nifuroxazide improves antitumor immunity and impairs colorectal carcinoma metastasis.

Since publication of this article, the authors have noticed that there were errors in Fig. 1b (the CT 26 cells colony formation images) and Fig. 7c (the vehicle group images).

Reduced thiamine binding is a novel mechanism for TPK deficiency disorder.

Thiamine pyrophosphokinase (TPK) converts thiamine (vitamin B) into thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), an essential cofactor for many important enzymes. TPK1 mutations lead to a rare disorder: episodic encephalopathy type thiamine metabolism dysfunction. Yet, the molecular mechanism of the disease is not entirely clear.

[The Extract from Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Leaves Promotes Apoptosis and Impairs Metastasis in Prostate Cancer Cells].

Objective: To investigate the effects of pomegranate leaves extract(PLE)on proliferation,apoptosis and metastasis of prostate cancer cells.

Methods: The proliferation of TRAMP-C1,DU145,PC3 prostate cancer cells treated with different concentrations of PLE (final mass concentrations were 12.5,25,50,100, 200 μg/mL,respectively) for different time (24,48,72 h) was detected by MTT assay.

[Clinical features of Enterococcus faecium meningitis in children].

Objective: To summarize the clinical features of Enterococcus faecium meningitis in children.

Methods: The clinical data of nine children with Enterococcus faecium meningitis were analyzed.

Results: In all the nine children, Enterococcus faecium was isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or peripherally inserted central catheters; 6 (67%) patients were neonates, 2 (22%) patients were younger than 6 months, and 1 (11%) patient was three years and four months of age.

Betulinic acid impairs metastasis and reduces immunosuppressive cells in breast cancer models.

Breast cancer is the most common female cancer with considerable metastatic potential, explaining the need for new candidates that inhibit tumor metastasis. In our study, betulinic acid (BA), a kind of pentacyclic triterpenoid compound derived from birch trees, was evaluated for its anti-metastasis activity and . BA decreased the viability of three breast cancer cell lines and markedly impaired cell migration and invasion.

[Clinical Feature in Infants of Breast Feeding Allergy and Its Possible Relation with Gastrointestinal Peptide Change in Breast Milk].

Objectives: To investigate clinical features in infants of breast milk allergy(BMA), and the possible relationship with the changes of somatostatin (SST) and motilin (MTL) in breast milk.

Methods: Twenty three cases of pure breast feeding infants with allergic gastroenteritis were collected, while another 23 normal infants with pure breast feeding were enrolled as normal controls. Samples of infant stools and breast milk were collected for the measurement of SST and MTL levels detected by by radioimmunity.

Adjuvant celecoxib and lanreotide following transarterial chemoembolisation for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized pilot study.

Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is common due to neoangiogenesis. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and somatostatin analogues were reported to inhibit tumour angiogenesis. The pilot randomized controlled trial was aimed to prospectively evaluate the protocol of TACE combined with celecoxib and lanreotide (TACE+C+L) in patients with unresectable and advanced HCC.

Inhibition of Stat3 signaling pathway by nifuroxazide improves antitumor immunity and impairs colorectal carcinoma metastasis.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the one of the most common cancers with considerable metastatic potential, explaining the need for new drug candidates that inhibit tumor metastasis. The signal transducers and activators of the transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling pathway has an important role in CRC and has been validated as a promising anticancer target for CRC therapy. In the present study, we report our findings on nifuroxazide, an antidiarrheal agent identified as an inhibitor of Stat3.

[The Expressions of Somatostatin and Cycloxygenase-2 in Chronic Hepatitis, Hepatic Cirrhosis, Precancerous Lesion and Hepatocellular Carcinoma].

Objective: To investigate the expression difference of somatostatin (SST) , SST receptors (SSTR) and COX-2 in chronic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, precancerous lesion and hepatocellular Carcinoma, and explore the relationship between portal hypertension and SST/SSTR expressions.

Methods: A series of human liver tissues were obtained from surgery, including normal liver 4 cases, chronic hepatitis 14 cases, hepatic cirrhosis 40 cases, precancerous lesion 40 cases and HCC tissues 40 cases. Peripheral bloods were collected from 20 patients before and after the operation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).

A single design strategy for dual sensitive pH probe with a suitable range to map pH in living cells.

Due to the lack of a proper imaging approach, a veracious pH map of normal and abnormal cell is still rare. In this work, we presented a rhodamine-salicylaldehyde combination (Rh-SA2) as a novel pH probe, which has dual sensitive units for both acidic and basic environment. This dual sensitive probe acts like a chameleon in living cells and offers the doubling guarantees for endocellular pH mapping.

A mitochondria-targeted colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for biological SO2 derivatives in living cells.

A ratiometric fluorescent probe for SO2 derivatives based on the conjugate of carbazole and indolium was presented, which could selectively respond to HSO3(-) over other thiol compounds. More importantly, CZ-Id is a novel mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe to image exogenous SO2 derivatives.

Mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe for real time monitoring of pH in living cells.

Pyridinium functioned 7-hydroxy coumarin was presented as the first mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe CP for real time monitoring pH in living cells. Compared with commercially available mitochondrial trackers, CP possesses high specificity to mitochondria in living cells as well as good biocompatibility. Meanwhile, CP displays excellent pH sensitivity and anti-interference capability.

[Effect of ingested immunoglobulin on sIgA expression in pediatric rotavirus enteritis].

Objective: To identify the effects of ingested anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin on enteric expressions of SIgA in pediatric rotavirus enteritis.

Methods: In this randomized, placebo controlled clinic trial, 100 patients of pediatric rotavirus enteritis who simultaneously received fluid replacement as basic therapy, were randomly divided into control and immunoglobulin treated groups. The patients in experimental group were given "ingested antirotavirus IgY".

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion of macaques triggers a strong innate immune response.

Aim: To investigate inflammatory injury in the intestinal mucosa after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated innate immunity.

Methods: Ten macaques were randomized into control and IIR groups. The distribution and expression level of TLR2, TLR4, MD2, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and interferon (IFN)-γ were measured by immunohistochemical stain and western blotting.