A DNA barcode reference of Asian ferns with expert-identified voucher specimens and DNA samples.

Ferns belong to species-rich group of land plants, encompassing more than 11,000 extant species, and are crucial for reflecting terrestrial ecosystem changes. However, our understanding of their biodiversity hotspots, particularly in Southeast Asia, remains limited due to scarce genetic data. Despite harboring around one-third of the world's fern species, less than 6% of Southeast Asian ferns have been DNA-sequenced.

Quinoline, Indole, and Isogranatanine Alkaloids from Malayan .

Nine new alkaloids, eugeniinalines A-H (-) and (+)-eburnamenine -oxide (), comprising one quinoline, six indole, and two isogranatanine alkaloids, were isolated from the stem-bark extract of the Malayan . The structures and absolute configurations of these alkaloids were established based on the analysis of the spectroscopic data, GIAO NMR calculations, DP4+ probability analysis, TDDFT-ECD method, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Eugeniinaline A () represents a new pentacyclic quinoline alkaloid with a 6/6/5/6/7 ring system.

Digitization of natural history collections: A guideline and nationwide capacity building workshop in Malaysia.

Natural history museum collections are the most important sources of information on the present and past biodiversity of our planet. Most of the information is primarily stored in analogue form, and digitization of the collections can provide further open access to the images and specimen data to address the many global challenges. However, many museums do not digitize their collections because of constraints on budgets, human resources, and technologies.

Eugeniifoline, a Pentacyclic Indole Alkaloid from , and Configurational Revision of Synthetic Eugeniifoline Isolated from a Diversity-Enhanced Extract.

Eugeniifoline (), a pentacyclic indole alkaloid with a five-membered ring E, was isolated for the first time as a natural product from the stem-bark extract of . Eugeniifoline () was previously reported as a synthetic product from a diversity-enhanced extract, but with the configuration at C-21 reported as (). The configuration at C-21 was revised to as shown in , based on the NOE data, GIAO NMR calculations, and DP4+ probability analysis, as well as the TDDFT-ECD method.

Polyneurines A-H, iboga alkaloids from Tabernaemontana polyneura.

Eight undescribed iboga alkaloids, polyneurines A-H, were isolated from the bark of Tabernaemontana polyneura. The structures of these alkaloids were established by interpretation of the MS and NMR data, while the configurations were determined using GIAO NMR calculations and DP4+ probability analysis, TDDFT-ECD method, or X-ray diffraction analysis. Polyneurine A possesses a γ-lactone unit embedded within the iboga skeleton, while polyneurines D and E incorporate a formylmethyl moiety at C-3 of the iboga skeleton.

Genomic insights into rapid speciation within the world's largest tree genus Syzygium.

Species radiations, despite immense phenotypic variation, can be difficult to resolve phylogenetically when genetic change poorly matches the rapidity of diversification. Genomic potential furnished by palaeopolyploidy, and relative roles for adaptation, random drift and hybridisation in the apportionment of genetic variation, remain poorly understood factors. Here, we study these aspects in a model radiation, Syzygium, the most species-rich tree genus worldwide.

Pentacyclic and hexacyclic cucurbitacins from Elaeocarpuspetiolatus.

Four undescribed cucurbitacins, designated as petiolaticins A-D, and four known cucurbitacins were isolated from the bark and leaves of Elaeocarpus petiolatus (Jack) Wall. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on detailed analyses of the NMR and MS data. The absolute configuration of petiolaticin A was also determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.

Monomeric, Dimeric, and Trimeric Tropane Alkaloids from .

Seven new tropane alkaloids, including five monomeric (-), one dimeric (), and one trimeric () 3α-nortropane ester, along with two known monomeric nortropane alkaloids ( and ), were isolated from the leaves and bark of . Their structures, including the absolute configuration of the enantiomeric pair of (±)-, were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. Alkaloids and showed cytotoxicity toward human pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, BxPC3, PANC-1, and SW1990).

Macroline, talpinine, and sarpagine alkaloids from Alstonia penangiana. An NMR-based method for differentiating between A. penangiana and A. macrophylla.

Fourteen previously undescribed alkaloids comprising two N-1-hydroxymethylmacroline alkaloids, one talpinine-type oxindole acetal, a pair of equilibrating talpinine-type oxindole hemiacetals, eight oxidized derivatives of sarpagine- and akuammiline-type indole alkaloids, in addition to alstochalotine a diastereomer of gelsochalotine recently isolated from Gelsemium elegans, were isolated from the leaf and stem-bark extracts of Alstonia penangiana. The structures and relative configurations of these alkaloids were established using NMR, MS, and in one instance, confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. An NMR-based method is described as a useful chemotaxonomic tool for differentiating between A.

Lycopodium Alkaloids: Lycoplatyrine A, an Unusual Lycodine-Piperidine Adduct from Lycopodium platyrhizoma and the Absolute Configurations of Lycoplanine D and Lycogladine H.

Three new Lycopodium alkaloids comprising two lycodine-type alkaloids (1, 2) and one fawcettimine alkaloid (3), in addition to 16 known alkaloids, were isolated from Lycopodium platyrhizoma. The structures of these alkaloids were elucidated based on analysis of their NMR and MS data. Lycoplatyrine A (1) represents an unusual lycodine-piperidine adduct.

Deep Learning for Plant Species Classification Using Leaf Vein Morphometric.

An automated plant species identification system could help botanists and layman in identifying plant species rapidly. Deep learning is robust for feature extraction as it is superior in providing deeper information of images. In this research, a new CNN-based method named D-Leaf was proposed.

Ajmaline, Oxindole, and Cytotoxic Macroline-Akuammiline Bisindole Alkaloids from Alstonia penangiana.

Examination of the EtOH extract of the Malayan Alstonia penangiana resulted in the isolation of 10 new alkaloids, comprising two ajmaline (1, 2), four macroline oxindole (3-6), and four macroline-akuammiline bisindole alkaloids (7-10). The structures of these alkaloids were determined based on analysis of the spectroscopic data and, in the case of the oxindole 6 and the bisindole alkaloid 7, also confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The bisindole alkaloids 7 and 8 showed pronounced in vitro growth inhibitory activity against an array of human cancer cell lines, including KB, vincristine-resistant KB, PC-3, LNCaP, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, HT-29, HCT 116, and A549 cells with IC values in the 0.

A Bis-benzopyrroloisoquinoline Alkaloid Incorporating a Cyclobutane Core and a Chlorophenanthroindolizidine Alkaloid with Cytotoxic Activity from Ficus fistulosa var. tengerensis.

Tengerensine (1), isolated as a racemate and constituted from a pair of bis-benzopyrroloisoquinoline enantiomers, and tengechlorenine (2), purified as a scalemic mixture and constituted from a pair of chlorinated phenanthroindolizidine enantiomers, were isolated from the leaves of Ficus fistulosa var. tengerensis, along with three other known alkaloids. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by spectroscopic data interpretation and X-ray diffraction analysis.

Automated classification of tropical shrub species: a hybrid of leaf shape and machine learning approach.

Plants play a crucial role in foodstuff, medicine, industry, and environmental protection. The skill of recognising plants is very important in some applications, including conservation of endangered species and rehabilitation of lands after mining activities. However, it is a difficult task to identify plant species because it requires specialized knowledge.

Biologically active vallesamine, strychnan, and rhazinilam alkaloids from Alstonia: Pneumatophorine, a nor-secovallesamine with unusual incorporation of a 3-ethylpyridine moiety.

Four alkaloids comprising two vallesamine, one strychnan, and one pyranopyridine alkaloid, in addition to 32 other known alkaloids were isolated from two Malayan Alstonia species, Alstonia pneumatophora and Alstonia rostrata. The structures of these alkaloids were determined using NMR and MS analyses, and in one instance, confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The nor-6,7-secovallesamine alkaloid, pneumatophorine, is notable for an unusual incorporation of a 3-ethylpyridine moiety in a monoterpenoid indole.

Hispidacine, an unusual 8,4'-oxyneolignan-alkaloid with vasorelaxant activity, and hispiloscine, an antiproliferative phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, from Ficus hispida Linn.

Hispidacine, an 8,4'-oxyneolignan featuring incorporation of an unusual 2-hydroxyethylamine moiety at C-7, and hispiloscine, a phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, were isolated from the stem-bark and leaves of the Malaysian Ficus hispida Linn. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis. Hispidacine induced a moderate vasorelaxant activity in rat isolated aorta, while hispiloscine showed appreciable antiproliferative activities against MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, A549, HCT-116 and MRC-5 cell lines.

Macroline, akuammiline, sarpagine, and ajmaline alkaloids from Alstonia macrophylla.

A total of seventeen alkaloids, comprising six macroline (including alstofolinine A, a macroline indole incorporating a butyrolactone ring-E), two ajmaline, one sarpagine, and eight akuammiline alkaloids, were isolated from the stem-bark and leaf extracts of the Malayan Alstonia macrophylla. The structure and relative configurations of these alkaloids were established using NMR, MS and in several instances, confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Six of these alkaloids were effective in reversing multidrug-resistance (MDR) in vincristine-resistant KB cells.

Heavy metal content of a medicinal moss tea for hypertension.

The content of various heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel, manganese and zinc) in the moss species Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. and its tea are presented in this study.