Rosiglitazone Elicits an Adiponectin-Mediated Insulin-Sensitizing Action at the Adipose Tissue-Liver Axis in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty Rats.

Rosiglitazone is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (PPAR-) that is principally associated with insulin action. The exact mechanisms underlying its insulin-sensitizing action are still not fully elucidated. It is well known that adiponectin mostly secreted in adipose tissue is an insulin sensitizer.

[Development of Tripterygium glycosides nano-carries based on "nanoemulsion-gels" and its pharmacodynamics].

The aim of this study is to develop the Tripterygium glycosides nanoemulsion gels and investigate its pharmacodynamics. Oleic acid was used as oil phase, polyoxyethylene castor oil as surfaetant, and 1,2-propanediol as cosurfactant to screen the formula of Tripterygium glycoside nanoemulsion using the pseudo-temary phase diagrams. Then the nanoemulsion gels was prepared.

[Regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by adiponectin via IRS-2 phosphorylation in OLETF rats].

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of adiponectin on hepatic lipid metabolism in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats.

Methods: Twenty male OLETF rats and 10 male Long-Evans Tokushima (LETO) rats were sacrificed at 8, 32 or 40-week old to examine the fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, adiponectin and blood lipid profile. The levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, adiponectin, phosphotyrosine of IRS-2, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) mRNA in liver tissue were determined by chemical enzymatic assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blot.

[Relationship between visceral fat depot and adiponectin mRNA level in the adipose tissue of OLETF rats].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between visceral fat depot and adiponectin level in OLETF rats.

Methods: Twenty male OLETF rats and 10 male Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were subjected to regular oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The rats were sacrificed at the ages of 8, 32 and 40 weeks for measurements of the body weight, blood glucose, blood lipid level, blood insulin, and weight of the visceral fat.

[Hypoadiponectinemia leads to insulin resistance in OLETF rats: a preliminary study].

Objective: To investigate the association between plasma adiponectin and insulin resistance in OLETF rats.

Methods: Twenty male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and 10 male Long-evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 13 and 40 weeks of age. At 8, 32 and 40 weeks of age, the rats were sacrificed to measure the blood glucose, plasma insulin and adiponectin levels, and serum levels of TG, CHOL and FFA.

[Adiponectin decreases insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation in the liver of OLETF rats possibly through nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway].

Objective: To investigate the effect of adiponectin (APN) on the insulin pathway in the liver of OLETF rats and explore its molecular mechanism.

Methods: Twenty male OLETF rats and 10 male LETO rats were sacrificed at 8 and 32 weeks of age to examine the fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, adiponectin and blood lipid profiles. The APN, phosphotyrosine of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), IKKβ and nuclear-κB (NF-κB) in the liver tissue were determined using ELISA, Western blotting or immunohistochemistry.

Cetirizine dihydrochloride loaded microparticles design using ionotropic cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles by spray-drying method.

To control the release rate and mask the bitter taste, cetirizine dihydrochloride (CedH) was entrapped within chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) using an ionotropic gelation process, followed by microencapsulation to produce CS matrix microparticles using a spray-drying method. The aqueous colloidal CS-NPs dispersions with a drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) of <15%, were then spray dried to produce a powdered nanoparticles-in-microparticles system with an EE of >70%. The resultant spherical CS microparticles had a smooth surface, were free of organic solvent residue and showed a diameter range of 0.

[Effects of Liuweidihuang pills on pancreatic islet structure in OLETF rats].

Objective: To study the effects of Liuweidihuang pills on pancreatic islet structure in OLETF (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty) rats.

Methods: Forty male OLETF rats were divided randomly into Liuweidihuang pills group (Liuwei group) and control group (n=20). Ten male LETO rats were used as normal control group (LETO group).

[Effect of Liuweidihuang pills in preventing diabetes mellitus in OLETF rats].

Objective: To study the effects of Liuweidihuang pills in preventing diabetes in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats.

Methods: Forty male OLETF rats were randomized equally into Liuweidihuang pill group and control group, with 10 male LETO rats as the normal control group. In Liuweidihuang pill group, the rats were given the pills intragastrically at the daily dose of 2.

Induction of leukotriene B(4) and prostaglandin E(2) release from keratinocytes by protease-activated receptor-2-activating peptide in ICR mice.

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) has been shown to play a key role in the pathophysiology of itch. However, the precise mechanism of PAR2-mediated itch remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of several agents on the scratching behavior induced by PAR2-activating peptide (SLIGRL-NH2).

Preparation and characterization of sodium ferulate entrapped bovine serum albumin nanoparticles for liver targeting.

Sodium ferulate (SF) loaded nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation procedure and subsequent cross-linking of the wall material of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Several factors in the nanoencapsulation process, such as the addition rate of the desolvation agent, composition of BSA and SF solution, amount of the cross-linker glutaraldehyde, were investigated to elucidate their influences on the particle size, zeta potential, drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of the resulted nanoparticles. The obtained spherical nanoparticles were negative charged with zeta potential from -20 to -40 mV, and characterized between 100 and 200 nm with a narrow size distribution.

[Liuweidihuang pills reduces visceral fat deposition in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Liuweidihuang pills (LP) on visceral fat deposition in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats.

Methods: Forty male OLETF rats were randomly divided into LP group and control group (n=20 per group), and 10 male Long-evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were used as normal controls. The rats in LP group were given LP(2.

[Percutaneous penetration of ketoprofen and ketoprofen isopropyl ester through a tissue engineering skin reconstructed with HaCaT cells].

Aim: To reconstruct of a tissue engineering skin in vitro for the study of the use of drug percutaneous penetration and metabolism.

Methods: Dermal fibroblasts were embedded in collagen type I. HaCaT cells were seeded on the top of the gel.

[Effects of liuwei dihuang pills on expressions of apoptosis-related genes bcl-2 and Bax in pancreas of OLETF rats].

Objective: To investigate the effects of Liuwei Dihuang Pills (LWDHP) on expressions of apoptosis-related genes bcl-2 and Bax in pancreas of OLETF rats.

Methods: Forty male OLETF rats were randomly divided into LWDHP-treated group and untreated group. Another ten male LETO rats were included in normal control group.