Promotion of Processability in a p-Type Thin-Film Transistor Using a Se-Te Alloying Channel Layer.

p-type thin-film transistors (pTFTs) have proven to be a significant impediment to advancing electronics beyond traditional Si-based technology. A recent study suggests that a thin and highly crystalline Te layer shows promise as a channel for high-performance pTFTs. However, achieving this still requires specific conditions, such as a cryogenic growth temperature and an extremely thin channel thickness on the order of a few nanometers.

Improvement in current drivability and stability in nanoscale vertical channel thin-film transistors via band-gap engineering in In-Ga-Zn-O bilayer channel configuration.

Vertical channel thin film transistors (VTFTs) have been expected to be exploited as one of the promising three-dimensional devices demanding a higher integration density owing to their structural advantages such as small device footprints. However, the VTFTs have suffered from the back-channel effects induced by the pattering process of vertical sidewalls, which critically deteriorate the device reliability. Therefore, to reduce the detrimental back-channel effects has been one of the most urgent issues for enhancing the device performance of VTFTs.

Roles of Oxygen Interstitial Defects in Atomic-Layer Deposited InGaZnO Thin Films with Controlling the Cationic Compositions and Gate-Stack Processes for the Devices with Subμm Channel Lengths.

Roles of oxygen interstitial defects located in the In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) thin films prepared by atomic layer deposition were investigated with controlling the cationic compositions and gate-stack process conditions. It was found from the spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis that the excess oxygens increased with increasing the In contents within the IGZO channels. While the device using the IGZO channel with an In/Ga ratio of 0.

Crafting a 1.5 µm pixel pitch spatial light modulator using GeSbTe phase change material [Invited].

For this research, we have developed key technologies for a 1.5 µm pixel pitch spatial light modulator (SLM) using (GST) phase change material. To uniformly modulate each pixel, we designed a lateral pixel structure in which a heating current flows through a bottom indium tin oxide layer.

Correction: Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials.

Correction for 'Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials' by Chi-Young Hwang et al., Nanoscale, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04471f.

Rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms based on color-selective diffractive optical components including phase-change materials.

We propose rewritable full-color computer-generated holograms (CGHs) based on color-selective diffraction using the diffractive optical component with the resonant characteristic. The structure includes an ultrathin layer of phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) on which a spatial binary pattern of amorphous and crystalline states can be recorded. The CGH patterns can be easily erased and rewritten by the pulsed ultraviolet laser writing technique owing to the thermally reconfigurable characteristic of GST.

Nitrogen Doping Effect for Improving Operation Reliability of Phase Modulator Using Ge₂Sb₂Te Thin Film for Hologram Image Implementation.

A phase modulation device was proposed for the implementation of hologram image for display applications. A Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) film as thin as 7 nm was prepared between the ITO films to form the cavities corresponding a unit pixel. Nitrogen was incorporated into the GST for improving the thermal stability of the GST active region.

Graphene Electrode Enabling Electrochromic Approaches for Daylight-Dimming Applications.

For environmental reason, buildings increasingly install smart windows, which can dim incoming daylight based on active electrochromic devices (ECDs). In this work, multi-layered graphene (MLG) was investigated as an ECD window electrode, to minimize carbon dioxide (CO) emissions by decreasing the electricity consumption for building space cooling and heating and as an alternative to the transparent conductor tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) in order to decrease dependence on it. Various MLG electrodes with different numbers of graphene layers were prepared with environmentally friendly poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to produce ECD cells.

Holographic image generation with a thin-film resonance caused by chalcogenide phase-change material.

The development of digital holography is anticipated for the viewing of 3D images by reconstructing both the amplitude and phase information of the object. Compared to analog holograms written by a laser interference, digital hologram technology has the potential to realize a moving 3D image using a spatial light modulator. However, to ensure a high-resolution 3D image with a large viewing angle, the hologram panel requires a near-wavelength scale pixel pitch with a sufficient large numbers of pixels.

Prenylisoflavonoids from Erythrina senegalensis as novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors.

Eight compounds were isolated from the CH (2)Cl (2) extracts of ERYTHRINA SENEGALENSIS to assess HIV-1 protease (PR) activity inhibition. The prenylated isoflavone structures, identified by spectroscopic analysis, were 8-prenylluteone ( 1), auriculatin ( 2), erysenegalensein O ( 3), erysenegalensein D ( 4), erysenegalensein N ( 5), derrone ( 6), alpinumisoflavone ( 7), and 6,8-diprenylgenistein ( 8). The constituents showed dose-dependent inhibitory activities on HIV-1 PR with IC (50) values from 0.

A highly selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist with low addictive potential and dependence liability.

Buprenorphine analogs have been synthesized. In the studies of analgesic and addictive effects in mice and [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding assay in human brain tissue, an analog of buprenorphine where the tert-butyl is replaced by a cyclobutyl moiety (16) has been identified as a selective kappa-partial agonist which gives antinociceptive effects, but has low abuse potential. The results may lead to lower degrees of dysphoria than full kappa-agonists.

Molecular signaling cascade in DNA bisintercalator, echinomycin-induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells: evidence of the apoptotic process via activation of the cytochrome c-ERK-caspase-3 pathway.

The DNA-interactive drug, echinomycin, is a potent antitumor agent, which is able to induce apoptosis in a multitude of cancer cell lines. Previously, we showed that echinomycin strongly inhibited the growth of a variety of cancer cell lines, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in human colon cancer cells (HT-29). However, little information currently exists regarding the details of intracellular signaling pathways such as the MAPK, mitochondrial, and caspase pathways.

Facile Barton-McCombie deoxygenation of alcohols with tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate and formate ion.

[reaction: see text]. A new method for efficient radical deoxygenation of alcohols is described for preparing bulk chemicals avoiding scale-up problems. Treatment of various thiocarbonyl derivatives with (Bu(4)N)(2)S(2)O(8) and HCO(2)Na in DMF afforded the corresponding deoxygenated products in excellent yields.

Intramolecular, reductive cyclization of beta-ketoisothiocyanates promoted by using samarium diiodide.

A novel samarium diiodide (SmI2) promoted intramolecular cyclization of beta-ketoisothiocyanate, derived from alpha,beta-unsaturated esters and ammonium thiocyanate led to alpha-hydroxythiolactams and/or thiolactams in high yields. Treatment of beta-ketoisothiocyanate with two equivalents of SmI2 gave a mixture of alpha-hydroxythiolactam and thiolactam. Four equivalents of SmI2 afforded only thiolactam in high yields.

In vitro antibacterial activity of echinomycin and a novel analogue, YK2000, against vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

The in vitro inhibitory and bactericidal activity of echinomycin and its the novel synthetic analogues of echinomycin,YK2000 and YK2005, were evaluated using 93 clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). In agar dilution tests, the MIC(90) of echinomycin and YK2000 were 0.125 and 8 mg/l, respectively, using Mueller-Hinton II agar, while that of YK2005 was 32 mg/l.

Echinomycin and a novel analogue induce apoptosis of HT-29 cells via the activation of MAP kinases pathway.

Echinomycin, in typical DNA minor groove binder, had comparable efficacy compared to 5-FU in the phase II trail of colon cancer treatment. To improve echinomycin's drawback (hydrophobicity, toxicity), we synthesized the YK-2000 series (echinomycin analogues). Among these, YK-2000 had the best in vitro cytotoxicity on six different human solid cancer cell lines.

Synthesis and biological activity of new quinoxaline antibiotics of echinomycin analogues.

Novel quinoxaline antibiotics having the methylenedithioether bridge as an analogue of echinomycin have been synthesized by insertion of methylene moiety between -S-S- bond. The compound 1a shows remarkable cytotoxicities against human tumor various cell lines, and is active VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) within MIC range 0.5-8 microg/mL.

Highly regioselective cleavages and iodinations of cyclic ethers utilizing SmI2.

Various functionalized cyclic ethers such as oxiranes, oxetanes, and tetrahydrofurans have been prepared, and the regiochemistry of their ring opening with samarium diiodide and acyl chloride or anhydride has been investigated. Alkyl-substituted oxetane 5 and tetrahydrofurans 1 and 2 show almost no regioselectivity. However, high regioselectivities from the branched cyclic ethers (3, 8, 9, and 10) containing ethereal or hydroxyl moieties have been observed.