NF-κB: A novel therapeutic pathway for gastroesophageal reflux disease?

Although gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a common chronic disease in clinical practice, has been widely studied, its potential adverse impact on patients is still a significant clinical concern. It is necessary to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and choose appropriate treatment according to its mechanism. The pathogenesis of GERD is diverse and complex.

Effect of Anesthetics on Functional Connectivity of Developing Brain.

The potential anesthetic neurotoxicity on the neonate is an important focus of research investigation in the field of pediatric anesthesiology. It is essential to understand how these anesthetics may affect the development and growth of neonatal immature and vulnerable brains. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has suggested that using anesthetics result in reduced functional connectivity may consider as core sequence for the neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative changes in the developed brain.

Association between dyslipidemia and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a secondary analysis of a nationwide cohort.

Aims: To evaluate the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk of individuals with different types of dyslipidaemia and compare the predictive value of distinct lipid parameters in predicting T2DM.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). 17 708 individuals over 45 years old were interviewed, and 11 847 blood samples were collected at the baseline survey (2011-2012).

Successful Anesthesia Management in a Patient With Type A Aortic Dissection Complicated by Renal Failure and Suspected Coronavirus Disease.

Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a life-threatening illness that presents with chest pain and hemodynamic instability. AAD prompt and accurate evaluation and management are critical for survival as it is a cardiac surgical emergency. The initial treatment of AAD mandates strict blood pressure stabilization with intravenous antihypertensive medications.

Risk Stratification and Optimization to Prevent Right Heart Failure During Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation results in superior survival rates compared with optimal medical therapy in patients with end-stage heart failure. However, a potential complication of LVAD implantation is right heart failure (RHF), which can be devastating. Therefore, identifying preoperative risk factors for RHF and optimal management for these patients are critical for ensuring favorable postoperative outcomes.

Coronary angiography or not after cardiac arrest without ST segment elevation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to review the available evidence and evaluate the necessity of immediate coronary angiography (CAG) to obtain positive outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients without ST segment elevation.

Data Sources: Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and SinoMed databases.

Study Selection: We included observational and case-control studies of outcomes among individuals without ST segment elevation experiencing OHCA who had immediate, delayed, or no CAG.

Fluid Overload in Special Pediatric Cohorts With Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery Following Surgical Repair.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes associated with early fluid overload (FO) in a special group of pediatric patients undergoing repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA).

Design: It was a retrospective study performed with multiple variable regression analysis.

Setting: A single cardiac surgical institution.

Long non-coding RNA expression profiling in the lungs of pulmonary arterial hypertension rats with acute inflammation.

Background: We performed RNA-sequencing to investigate the changes and expression profiles in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their potential functional roles in the lungs of pulmonary arterial hypertension rats responding to acute inflammation.

Methods: To establish a pulmonary arterial hypertension rat model, monocrotaline was injected intraperitoneally and lipopolysaccharide was given to induce acute inflammation. Selected lncRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Statement From the Society for the Advancement of Transplant Anesthesia: White Paper Advocating Desirable Milestones and Competencies for Anesthesiology Fellowship Training in the Field of Lung Transplantation.

The clinical, educational, and research facets of lung transplantation have advanced significantly since the first lung transplant in 1963. The formation of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) and subsequent Registry has forged a precedent of collaborative teamwork that has significantly affected current lung transplantation outcomes. The Society for the Advancement of Anesthesia (SATA) is dedicated to developing educational platforms for all facets of transplant anesthesia.

Epidemiology of acute kidney injury among paediatric patients after repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.

Objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent complication after the surgical repair of paediatric cardiac defects and is associated with poor outcomes. Insufficient renal perfusion secondary to severe myocardial dysfunction in neonates is most likely an independent risk factor in patients undergoing repair for anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). We retrospectively investigated the epidemiology and outcomes of children with ALCAPA who developed AKI after repair.

Levosimendan for Pediatric Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery Undergoing Repair: A Single-Center Experience.

Our aim was to retrospectively evaluate the benefit of levosimendan in certain complicated congenital heart procedures such as the pediatric anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) with moderate or severe cardiac dysfunction and its repair. We enrolled 40 pediatric patients with ALCAPA and moderate or severe left ventricular dysfunction. Patients who had a preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 50% or less and had undergone the surgical correction of their coronary artery through cardiopulmonary bypass met the criteria of our study.

Analyses of long non-coding RNA and mRNA profiles in right ventricle myocardium of acute right heart failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension rats.

We investigated the changes in expression profile and potential roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in right ventricle (RV) myocardium of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) rats with RV failure induced by acute inflammation. Sprague-Dawley rats were given monocrotaline to establish a PAH model and acute heart failure was induced by an injection of lipopolysaccharide. The RV failure was confirmed by echocardiography data.

Microbial Fermentation of Organic Carbon Substrates Drives Rapid pH Neutralization and Element Removal in Bauxite Residue Leachate.

Globally, mineral processing activities produce an estimated 680 GL/yr of alkaline wastewater. Neutralizing pH and removing dissolved elements are the main goals of wastewater treatment prior to discharge. Here, we present the first study to explicitly evaluate the role of microbial communities in driving pH neutralization and element removal in alkaline wastewaters by fermentation of organic carbon, using bauxite residue leachate as a model system, and evaluate the effects of organic carbon complexity and microbial inoculum addition rates on the performance of these treatment systems at laboratory scale.

Supplement of levosimendan to epinephrine improves initial resuscitation outcomes from asphyxial cardiac arrest.

Background: Levosimendan exerted favorable effects on the initial outcome in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. This study investigated the efficacy of levosimendan in the treatment of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest in rats.

Methods: Animals underwent asphyxial cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation, randomized to three treatment groups: epinephrine (10 μg/kg) supplemented with levosimendan (bolus 12 μg/kg and infusion for 1 h, EL group); epinephrine only (10 μg/kg, E group), or levosimendan only (bolus 12 μg/kg and infusion for 1 h, L group).

Repeated Neonatal Sevoflurane Exposure-Induced Developmental Delays of Parvalbumin Interneurons and Cognitive Impairments Are Reversed by Environmental Enrichment.

Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons are critically involved in the cognitive processes. Based on prior investigations that environmental enrichment reverses impaired cognition after anesthetic exposure, we proposed that environmental enrichment protects PV interneurons and thereby improves sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairments. Six-day-old C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 3 % sevoflurane or 30 % oxygen/air 2 h daily for 3 days from postnatal day 6 (P6) to P8.

Pulmonary Venous Diastolic Flow Reversal and Flash Pulmonary Edema During Management of Ongoing Myocardial Ischemia with Intraaortic Balloon Pump.

A 65-year-old man was admitted for acute coronary syndrome with depressed left ventricular function and moderate aortic regurgitation. He was managed with an intraaortic balloon pump for circulatory support before coronary artery bypass grafting and subsequently developed flash pulmonary edema with an associated rare finding of diastolic pulmonary venous flow reversal. In this report, we provide a review of intraaortic balloon pump use in current clinical practice and elaborate on the pathophysiology of an uncommon pulmonary venous flow pattern found in our patient.

Essential training steps to achieving competency in the basic intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography examination for Chinese anesthesiologists.

Guidelines for the intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination have defined a detailed standard for medical professionals, particularly anesthesiologists, on how a TEE exam should proceed. Over the years, TEE has gained substantial popularity and emerged as a preferred monitoring modality to aid in perioperative management and decision making during hemodynamic instability situations or critical care settings. TEE training pathways and practice guidelines have been well established in western countries and many regions of the world.

Effects of electroacupuncture of different intensities on energy metabolism of mitochondria of brain cells in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) of different intensities on lactate dehydrogernase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATPase in brain tissue of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/R).

Methods: Forty male SD rats were uniformly randomized into sham operation group (group A), CI/R group (group B), CI/R+5 mA EA (group C), CI/R+3 mA EA (group D) and CI/R+1 mA EA (group E) groups with eight rats in each group. Transient general brain ischemia was induced by four-vessel occlusion and reperfusion.

Blood pressure reduction induced by low dose of epinephrine via different routes in rats.

Background: Epinephrine was recently shown to induce a hypotension episode. Activation of β₂-adrenoceptors with smooth muscle relaxation may be the underlying mechanism. This study investigated the effects of ICI 118551, a β₂-adrenoceptors antagonist, on epinephrine-induced blood pressure reduction via different administration routes in rats.