Glymphatic system: a self-purification circulation in brain.

The glymphatic system theory introduces a new perspective on fluid flow and homeostasis in the brain. Here, cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid (CSF-ISF) moves from the perivascular spaces (PVS) of arteries to those of veins for drainage. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) plays a crucial role in driving fluid within the PVS.

Brain Resident Ly6C Monocytes Are Necessary for Maintaining Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is crucial to various brain functions. Neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and stress can impair AHN, contributing to the development of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Stress is known to extensively affect both the brain and peripheral immune system.

Genetically modified E. Coli secreting melanin (E.melanin) activates the astrocytic PSAP-GPR37L1 pathway and mitigates the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.

The characteristic neuropathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) involves the abnormal accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein (αSyn), as well as a significant decrease in neuromelanin (NM) levels within dopamine neurons (DaNs). Unlike αSyn aggregates, the relationship between NM levels and PD pathogenesis is not well understood. In this study, we engineered an E.

A Method of Realizing Adaptive Uniform Illumination by Pyramid Prism for PA-LiDAR.

In this paper, we propose a simple method to generate the uniform illumination using a pyramid prism for Plane Array Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging (PA-LiDAR). The principle of the pyramid prism shaping the Gaussian beam to form a uniform beam was analyzed theoretically. By changing the parameters of the pyramid prism and laser beam, the profile distribution of the output beam can be easily adjusted.

Advances in Cyclodextrins and Their Derivatives in Nano-Delivery Systems.

The diversity of cyclodextrins and their derivatives is increasing with continuous research. In addition to monomolecular cyclodextrins with different branched chains, cyclodextrin-based polymers have emerged. The aim of this review is to summarize these innovations, with a special focus on the study of applications of cyclodextrins and their derivatives in nano-delivery systems.

Predictive value of D-dimer to albumin ratio for severe illness and mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Objective: Although the impact of the variants of COVID-19 on the general population is diminishing, there is still a certain mortality rate for severe and critically ill patients, especially for the elderly with comorbidities. The present study investigated whether the D-dimer to albumin ratio (DAR) can predict the severity of illness and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: A total of 1,993 patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed and the association of DAR with severe or critical illness or death during hospitalization was analyzed.

Extrasynaptic distribution of NMDA receptors in cochlear inner hair cell afferent signaling complex.

Objective: The distribution and role of NMDA receptors is unclear in the afferent signaling complex of the cochlea. The present study aimed to examine the distribution of NMDA receptors in cochlear afferent signaling complex of the adult mouse, and their relationship with ribbon synapses of inner hair cells (IHCs) and GABAergic efferent terminals of the lateral olivocochlear (LOC).

Methods: Immunofluorescence staining in combination with confocal microscopy was used to investigate the distribution of glutamatergic NMDA and AMPA receptors in afferent terminals of SGNs, and their relationship with ribbon synapses of IHCs and GABAergic efferent terminals of LOC.

Fabrication of hyaluronic acid-inulin coated Enterococcus faecium for colon-targeted delivery to fight Fusobacterium nucleatum.

The abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is highly associated with the development and poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), which is regarded as a promising target for CRC. However, until now, the novel strategy to clear F.

Wide dynamic range measurement of blood flow using laser speckle contrast imaging.

Significance: Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a real-time wide-field technique that is applied to visualize blood flow in biomedical applications. However, there is currently a lack of relevant research to demonstrate that it can measure velocities over a wide dynamic range (WDR), which is critical for monitoring much higher and more pulsatile blood flow in larger size myocardial vessels, such as the coronary artery bypass graft, and visualizing the spatio-temporal evolution of myocardial blood flow perfusion in cardiac surgery.

Aim: We aim to demonstrate that the LSCI technique enables measuring velocities over a WDR from phantom experiments to animal experiments.

Brightness Prediction of Large Color Gamut Laser Display Devices.

A brightness-perceived color appearance model tailored for large gamut display devices, exemplified by laser displays, was investigated. Psychophysical experiments on the brightness matching of 30 color stimuli with achromatic white light were conducted by 16 observers. The analysis compares the performance of a number of existing color appearance models and equivalent luminance models in predicting brightness.

Effects of beauvericin on the blood cells of Bombyx mori.

In this study, silkworms were treated by injection of the bioactive depsipeptide beauvericin (BEA) to explore its effect on the cellular immunity of larvae of the silkworm Bombyx mori. The results showed that: The LC of BEA for silkworms on the 3 day of the 4 instar was 362.36 µM.

High Refractive Index Monomers for Improving the Holographic Recording Performance of Two-Stage Photopolymers.

Photopolymers hold great promise for the preparation of transparent volume holographic gratings (VHG), which are core optical elements in many application fields. To improve the holographic recording property of a two-stage photopolymer, four new (meth)acrylate monomers (CTA, CTMA, CTBA, CTBMA) with high refractive indices (1.59-1.

Construction and validation of a deterioration model for elderly COVID-19 Sub-variant BA.2 patients.

Rationale: COVID-19 pandemic has imposed tremendous stress and burden on the economy and society worldwide. There is an urgent demand to find a new model to estimate the deterioration of patients inflicted by Omicron variants.

Objective: This study aims to develop a model to predict the deterioration of elderly patients inflicted by Omicron Sub-variant BA.

C-reactive protein to lymphocyte ratio is a significant predictive factor for poor short-term clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.2 patients.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the utility of C-reactive protein to Lymphocyte Ratio (CLR) in predicting short-term clinical outcomes of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.2.

DiHuangYin decoction protects dopaminergic neurons in a Parkinson's disease model by alleviating peripheral inflammation.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, which brings increasing threaten for human health and is still lacking of satisfied treatment. Recently, numerous studies have also demonstrated the effect of particular subsets of CD4+ T cells on PD pathology. Th17 cells played an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.

Grass Carp Reovirus Nonstructural Proteins Avoid Host Antiviral Immune Response by Targeting the RLR Signaling Pathway.

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a highly virulent RNA virus that mainly infects grass carp and causes hemorrhagic disease. The roles of nonstructural proteins NS38 and NS80 of GCRV-873 in the viral replication cycle and viral inclusion bodies have been established. However, the strategies that NS38 and NS80 used to avoid host antiviral immune response are still unknown.

Histone H2A Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Trafficking Is Essential for Negative Regulation of Antiviral Immune Response and Lysosomal Degradation of TBK1 and IRF3.

Histone H2A is a nuclear molecule tightly associated in the form of the nucleosome. Our previous studies have demonstrated the antibacterial property of piscine H2A variants against gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria In this study, we show the function and mechanism of piscine H2A in the negative regulation of RLR signaling pathway and host innate immune response against spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection. SVCV infection significantly inhibits the expression of histone H2A during an early stage of infection, but induces the expression of histone H2A during the late stage of infection such as at 48 and 72 hpi.

High-dynamic-range blood flow rate measurement in a large-diameter vessel.

We propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, compound technique to measure high-dynamic-range blood flow rate in a large-diameter vessel, which combines the dynamic scattering light (DLS) and the laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) methods, possessing the advantages of the high temporal resolution of DLS and the robust property of LSCI. By controlling the second-order spatial correlations of the laser speckle through two imaging systems, the speckle temporal intensity autocorrelation function () and the decorrelation time are directly measured using a high-speed camera. It turns out the enhanced spatial second-order correlation helps to measure the blood flow with higher dynamic range and that the measured parameter and the blood flow dynamics were accurately determined.

Risk Factors of Hypoperfusion on MRI of Ischemic Stroke Patients Within 7 Days of Onset.

Hypoperfusion is an important factor determining the prognosis of ischemic stroke patients. The present study aimed to investigate possible predictors of hypoperfusion on MRI of ischemic stroke patients within 7 days of stroke onset. Ischemic stroke patients, admitted to the comprehensive Stroke Center of Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University within 7 days of onset between January 2016 and June 2017, were recruited to the present study.

Acceleration and expansion of a photorealistic computer-generated hologram using backward ray tracing and multiple off-axis wavefront recording plane methods.

Holograms can reconstruct the light wave field of three-dimensional objects. However, the computer-generated hologram (CGH) requires much calculating time. Here we proposed a CGH generation algorithm based on backward ray tracing and multiple off-axis wavefront recording planes (MO-WRP) to generate photorealistic CGH with a large reconstruction image.

Calibration method of three-dimensional plane array laser radar based on space-time transformation.

As a measurement system that can realize target detection and optical imaging, the accuracy of three-dimensional laser radar is a main performance index, which makes calibration an extremely important work. Traditional calibration methods have many disadvantages, such as harsh environment requirements, complex and tedious calibration processes, and inaccurate calibration results. To solve these problems, we propose a calibration method so that the relative position of the cooperative target and the detection sensor is fixed.

Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Parkinson's Disease: Inhibition of T Helper 17 Cell Differentiation and Regulation of Immune Balance Towards a Regulatory T Cell Phenotype.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder displaying a typical neuroinflammation pathology that may result from an imbalance between regulatory T cells (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) exert immunomodulatory effects by inhibiting effector T cell responses and have been used to treat diverse immune disorders. We aimed to investigate the modulating effect of human Ad-MSCs on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with PD, focusing on differentiation into Th17 and Treg cells.

Method of improving the measurement accuracy of plane array imaging laser radar by pixel cascade.

The plane array imaging laser radar is the product of the combination of the area array imaging optical system and the range laser radar. With extended illumination and area array detection, the target can be measured in three dimensions without mechanical scanning. In this paper, a CMOS-type built-in optical mixer is used, which is a kind of matrix depth sensor.