Genome-wide screen overexpressing mycobacteriophage Amelie genes identifies multiple inhibitors of mycobacterial growth.

The genome sequences of thousands of bacteriophages have been determined and functions for many of the encoded genes have been assigned based on homology to characterized sequences. However, functions have not been assigned to more than two-thirds of the identified phage genes as they have no recognizable sequence features. Recent genome-wide overexpression screens have begun to identify bacteriophage genes that encode proteins that reduce or inhibit bacterial growth.

Sporadic Breast Angiosarcoma With MYC Amplification on Extrachromosomal Circular DNA Detected Using Nanopore Sequencing in an Adolescent Female.

Angiosarcoma (AS) is a malignant vascular neoplasm comprising neoplastic endothelial cells accounting for 1%-4% of soft tissue sarcomas. While lymphedema-associated and post-irradiation ASs are almost always driven by a high-level amplification of MYC (8q24), sporadic ASs, including those of breast parenchymal origin, typically lack MYC amplification. Here, we report a case of sporadic breast MYC-amplified AS in a 19-year-old female with no history of lymphedema or irradiation, who was referred to our hospital for an enlarging right breast mass.

Preoperative prediction of early mortality after surgery for spinal metastases.

Objective: The objective of this study was to provide a convenient preoperative prediction of the risk of early postoperative mortality.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent surgery for spinal metastasis at our hospital between 2009 and 2021. Preoperative blood test data of all patients were collected, and the survival time was calculated by dividing the blood data.

Long-term outcome of regional cooperation pathway after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early detection of new gastric cancer.

Objectives: The Cancer Control Act requires the maintenance of regional cooperation pathways (RCP) for cancer treatment. In 2008, we started RCP for early detection of new gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). In gastric cancer treatment, RCP after surgical resection had been widely used, but little is known about RCP after ESD.

Nanopore DNA Sequencing Detected Chromothripsis-Induced PAFAH1B1::USP6 Rearrangement in Periosteal Solid Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Initially Diagnosed as Osteosarcoma.

An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign bone neoplasm that typically occurs during the first and second decades of life. ABC usually presents as a rapidly growing intramedullary expansile mass with multiple blood-filled cysts in the metaphysis of the long tubular bones. Here, we report a case of a periosteal solid ABC that was initially diagnosed as a high-grade surface osteosarcoma.

Cytokine release syndrome following durvalumab and tremelimumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report with cytokine and damage-associated molecular pattern analysis.

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a systemic inflammatory syndrome that causes fatal circulatory failure due to hypercytokinemia, and subsequent immune cell hyperactivation caused by therapeutic agents, pathogens, cancers, and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, CRS has emerged as a rare, but significant, immune-related adverse event linked to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, several previous studies suggested that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) could be involved in malignancy-related CRS.

The Combination of Auranofin and Celecoxib Suppresses Local Synovial Sarcoma Progression .

Background/aim: Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare malignant tumor with a poor survival rate. We previously reported that a combination of auranofin (AUR), a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, and celecoxib (CE), an anti-inflammatory drug, significantly impedes the local progression of osteosarcoma (OS). However, the role of redox regulation in SS remains to be elucidated.

Effectiveness of Carbon Ion Radiotherapy for Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Older Patients.

Background/aim: The aging population is expected to increase the occurrences of bone sarcoma (BS) and soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is reported to be effective for BS and several STSs. However, the effect of CIRT on clinical outcomes, functional prognoses, and quality of life (QOL) in older patients who underwent CIRT has not been reported.

The diagnostic utility of cytology specimen in a case of EWSR1::NFATC2 sarcoma.

EWSR1::NFATC2 sarcoma, a rare round cell sarcoma constituting the majority of EWSR1::non-ETS sarcomas, has recently been defined in the latest WHO classification. To date, the cytological findings of EWSR1::NFATC2 sarcoma remain undocumented. We present the case of a 25-year-old man with a history of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in the right leg, referred to our hospital with left thigh pain.

Combined Auranofin and Celecoxib Suppresses the Local Progression and Pulmonary Metastases of Osteosarcoma .

Background/aim: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare malignant tumor with a poor survival rate. Our previous study reported that auranofin (AUR), a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, suppresses OS pulmonary metastases; however, the local progression of OS is not affected, in vivo. Nonetheless, the development of augmentation therapy with AUR to inhibit OS local progression remains challenging.

Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor Suppresses the Local Progression of Rhabdomyosarcoma With PDX Models.

Background/aim: Chemoresistance in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is associated with poor survival, necessitating the development of novel anticancer drugs. Auranofin (AUR), an anti-rheumatic drug, is a thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) inhibitor with anticancer properties. Although patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are essential for studying cancer biology, reports on sarcomas using the PDX model are scarce because of their rarity.

Multidisciplinary management for primary uterine osteosarcoma, including gene panel testing: case report and literature review.

Primary osteosarcoma of the uterus (uOS) is rare, and its standard treatment has not yet been established. Herein, we present the case of a 50-year-old woman with uOS who demonstrated an improved prognosis after multiple surgeries to the metastatic sites. After the initial diagnosis of uOS, the patient showed recurrence and distant metastasis and hence expected to exhibit a poor prognosis.

Postoperative Limb Function and QOL in Elderly Patients With Malignant Bone Tumor/Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Background/aim: Malignant bone tumors (MBT) and soft tissue sarcomas (STS) require wide excision. Although the number of elderly patients is increasing, wide excision may decrease limb function and quality of life (QOL) for elderly patients. However, no detailed evaluation of the functional prognosis or QOL of elderly patients with sarcoma has been reported.

Does Multidisciplinary Therapy at a Sarcoma Center Improve the Prognosis of Patients With Soft Tissue Sarcoma? A Retrospective Case Study at a Single Institute.

Background/aim: The effect of multidisciplinary therapy conducted at the sarcoma center of our hospital was examined to determine whether therapy undertaken here improved the prognosis of patients with soft-tissue sarcoma.

Patients And Methods: The clinical findings and prognoses of patients treated before the establishment of the sarcoma center (72 patients from April 2016 to March 2018) and those treated after (155 patients from April 2018 to March 2021) were compared.

Results: The mean number of patients increased from 36.

Predictors of Postoperative Gain in Ambulatory Function After Decompressive Surgery for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression.

Background/aim: Reports on the effects of timing of the surgery on the patient survival rate or the results of palliative laminectomy are limited. The aim of the study was to investigate the postoperative ambulatory status of neurologically impaired metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) patients who underwent laminectomy and evaluate predictors of postoperative ambulation recovery after laminectomy for MSCC.

Patients And Methods: We included 175 patients who underwent decompressive surgery for MSCC.

Partial Sacral Resection for the Treatment of Isolated Testicular Tumor Metastasis.

We encountered an uncommon case of a non-seminomatous germ cell tumor with solitary bone metastasis at the initial presentation. A 30-year-old male patient with testicular cancer underwent an orchidectomy and was diagnosed with non-seminoma. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography detected an isolated metastatic lesion in the right sacral wing, which disappeared after a series of chemotherapy.

Analysis of implants for metastatic bone tumors of the proximal femur: A retrospective study.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between surgical techniques used in our hospital to treat metastatic bone tumors of the proximal femur and activity level and prognosis of patients and whether the location of the tumor is considered when selecting surgical techniques.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 82 patients with metastatic bone tumors of the proximal femur who underwent intramedullary nail fixation (IMN), bipolar hip arthroplasty (BHP) or modular megaprosthesis (MMP) in our hospital from 2007 to 2020. We measured the distance from the center of femoral head to the proximal (x) and distal (y) end of the of tumor, using preoperative computed tomography images to determine the location of metastasis.

An Asymptomatic Case With MEN1 Slipping Through Genetic Screening by SNV-dependent Allelic Dropout.

Context: Genetic testing is useful not only for the diagnosis of the MEN1 proband but also for determining the putative asymptomatic variant carriers to improve the prognosis or to avoid unnecessary medical intervention. However, we must be aware of the putative pitfalls of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genetic testing in specific conditions that lead to medical mismanagement.

Objective: To warn of the putative pitfalls of PCR-based genetic testing, we report an overlooked case of MEN1 due to PCR allelic dropout.