Impact of Changes in Psoas Muscle Index on Prognosis in Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Background/aim: Reduction in skeletal muscle mass during chemotherapy is associated with poor outcomes. This study investigated the impact of changes in the psoas muscle index (PMI) on the prognosis of patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) undergoing chemotherapy, including subgroup analyses based on the initial treatment response assessment.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated 47 patients with unresectable CRLM who underwent systematic chemotherapy and assessed changes in PMI to determine their prognosis.

The High Prevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi Among Wild Rodents and the Identification of Its Major Serotypes in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, Where Scrub Typhus Patients Are Rarely Identified.

Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) is an obligate intracellular bacterium transmitted by larval trombiculid mites, responsible for scrub typhus in humans. In Japan, approximately 500 human cases are reported annually, with six major serotypes identified as Kato, Karp, Gilliam, Irie/Kawasaki, Shimokoshi, and Hirano/Kuroki. However, the prevalence of OT in Yamaguchi prefecture remains largely unknown.

Geographical Variation of Antimicrobial Resistance of in Japanese Chicken.

Chicken is a potent source of infection in humans. Occasionally, patients with severe enteritis require antimicrobial therapy. Antimicrobials are used to prevent and treat bacterial infections in broiler and breeder farms.

Successful resection of a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor using a transperineal approach: a case report.

Background: Rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) complicate surgical approaches because of their anatomical position. We herein report a patient with rectal GIST on the anterior wall of the lower rectum, hat was successfully resected using a transperineal approach.

Case Presentation: This report describes a unique case of a 73-year-old man who was diagnosed with rectal GIST on the anterior wall of the lower rectum.

Propagating and banking genetically diverse human sapovirus strains using a human duodenal cell line: investigating antigenic differences between strains.

Unlabelled: There are four genogroups and 18 genotypes of human sapoviruses (HuSaVs) responsible for acute gastroenteritis. To comprehend their antigenic and virological differences, it is crucial to obtain viral stocks of the different strains. Previously, we utilized the human duodenum-derived cell line HuTu80, and glycocholate, a conjugated bile acid, to replicate and propagate GI.

The Efficacy of Chemical Bowel Preparation Against Incisional Surgical Site Infection in Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Propensity Score Matching Study.

Background/aim: In colorectal cancer surgery, the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) is relatively high. The development of SSI is related to longer and costlier hospitalization and reduced quality of life; therefore, perioperative prevention of SSI is important. Chemical bowel preparation (CBP) combined with mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) may be more effective in preventing surgical site infection (SSI) compared to MBP alone.

Changes in the Phenotypes of spp. in Japanese Broiler Flocks.

infections represent a leading cause of foodborne illnesses; resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (TGCs), which are a first-choice antimicrobial for treating human enteritis, has become a serious public health concern worldwide. Because the consumption of undercooked chicken meat products is a major cause of foodborne salmonellosis in Japan, we conducted three surveys at different periods between 2017 and 2022, with the cooperation of four abattoirs (two in Eastern and two in Western Japan). The first survey was conducted at abattoir A, which is located in Eastern Japan.

Correlations between blood volatile hydrocarbon concentrations in different types of fire-related deaths.

Analysis of volatile hydrocarbons in blood from fire-related deaths provides useful information such as whether the victim inhaled smoke from the fire before death or whether an accelerant was used in the fire. In this study, we used headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify volatile hydrocarbons in post-mortem heart blood from 121 fire victims. The cases were classified into the following four groups according to the detected volatile hydrocarbons: construction fires without accelerants, kerosene fires, gasoline fires, and a group with no fire-related hydrocarbons detected (other fires).

Prophylactic vaccination inducing anti-Env antibodies can result in protection against HTLV-1 challenge in macaques.

Human T cell leukemia/T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection occurs by cell-to-cell transmission and can induce fatal adult T cell leukemia. Vaccine development is critical for the control of HTLV-1 transmission. However, determining whether vaccine-induced anti-Env antibodies can prevent cell-to-cell HTLV-1 transmission is challenging.

Gastric Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma With Loss of Epithelial Markers Expression.

Background/aim: Given that gastric small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) is notably more aggressive than conventional adenocarcinoma, and a platinum-based regimen aligned with the treatment for pulmonary SCNEC is advocated when chemotherapy is needed, ensuring an accurate pathological diagnosis is paramount.

Case Report: A 63-year-old man, examined for melena, underwent gastroscopy which revealed a total circumferential Borrmann type 3 lesion extending from the pylorus to the antrum of the stomach. He underwent a distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy.

[Quantitative Survey of Campylobacter on Chicken Livers in Japan].

Chicken liver is a potential source of campylobacteriosis in humans. Therefore, we determined the number of Campylobacter in chicken liver. In total, 33 vacuum-packed liver products were obtained from retail stores, and found that 27 of the 33 products (81.

Usefulness of intraoperative ultrasound examination for laparoscopic right-side colon cancer surgery: a propensity score-matched study.

Complete mesocolic excision (CME) with central vascular ligation (CVL) in laparoscopic surgery for right-sided colon cancer (RSCC) requires a precise understanding of the vascular anatomy. The efficacy of intraoperative ultrasound (IUS) in the identification of blood vessels for RSCC surgery was not evaluated. The aim of this study was to compare the intraoperative and short-term outcomes of CME with CVL with or without IUS by laparoscopic surgery for RSCC.

HTLV-1 Proliferation after CD8 Cell Depletion by Monoclonal Anti-CD8 Antibody Administration in Latently HTLV-1-Infected Cynomolgus Macaques.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) induces chronic asymptomatic latent infection with a substantial proviral load but without significant viral replication . Cumulative studies have indicated involvement of CD8-positive (CD8) cells, including virus-specific CD8 T cells in the control of HTLV-1 replication. However, whether HTLV-1 expression from latently infected cells occurs in the absence of CD8 cells remains unclear.

CORRIGENDUM: Deterioration of Phosphate Homeostasis Is a Trigger for Cardiac Afterload - Clinical Importance of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 for Accelerated Aging.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1253/circrep.CR-22-0124.

Antiviral Effect of Ephedrine Alkaloids-Free Ephedra Herb Extract against SARS-CoV-2 In Vitro.

We report for the first time that ephedrine alkaloids-free Ephedra Herb extract (EFE) directly inhibits the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro and that the addition of EFE to the culture medium before viral infection reduces virus titers in the culture supernatant of SARS-CoV-2, including those of variant strains, by more than 99%, 24 h after infection. The addition of Ephedra Herb macromolecule condensed-tannin, which is the main active ingredient responsible for the anticancer, pain suppression, and anti-influenza effects of EFE, similarly suppressed virus production in the culture supernatant by 99% before infection and by more than 90% after infection. Since EFE does not have the side effects caused by ephedrine alkaloids, such as hypertension, palpitations, and insomnia, our results showed the potential of EFE as a safe therapeutic agent against coronavirus disease 2019.

[Surgical Technique for Mesorectal Division in the Robotic Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer].

Since April 2018, robot-assisted rectal resection has been approved as an insurance medical treatment, and robot- assisted rectal resection is rapidly becoming widespread. Even in robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, mesorectal division is difficult in a narrow pelvic cavity. At the beginning of the operation, Vessel Sealer ExtendTM(price 89,250 yen)was used, but as the procedure became stable, the mesorectal division was started with bipolar forceps and monopolar scissors.

Detection of hepatitis E virus RNA from pig bile collected at a slaughterhouse in Japan.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen that circulates mainly between pigs and humans. In Japan, the number of confirmed HEV cases has increased over the past decade, with the majority reported as domestic HEV infections. HEV-infected pork products may be associated with this increase, but there is limited information on HEV in pork in Japanese markets.

Deterioration of Phosphate Homeostasis Is a Trigger for Cardiac Afterload - Clinical Importance of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 for Accelerated Aging.

After the discovery of the Klotho gene, phosphate came into focus as a pathogenetic aging agent. Phosphate homeostasis is controlled by phosphate-regulating hormones: fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone. This study investigated the relationship between the deterioration in phosphate homeostasis and arterial stiffness by measuring serum FGF23 concentrations.

Comparison of Short-Term Surgical Outcomes of Two Types of Robotic Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: Ultrasonic Shears Method Versus the Maryland Bipolar Forceps Method.

Background: This study investigated the impact and short-term surgical outcomes of two different main energy devices for robotic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The outcomes of robotic gastrectomy with ultrasonic shears and those of robotic gastrectomy with conventional forceps were compared.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 171 patients who underwent robotic distal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy for gastric cancer.